113 lines
4 KiB
Markdown
113 lines
4 KiB
Markdown
# Sequelize — CWE-407 Disclosure Brief
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**2026-03-27 · Patch available — awaiting upstream merge**
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## Finding
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Two O(n²) defects in Sequelize's bulk insert query builder and association type expansion. Both patched. Patches ready for upstream review.
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## The Defects
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**sequelize-0001 (PATCHED — HIGH):** `abstract-dialect/query-generator.js:354`
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```javascript
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// In bulkInsertQuery() — called for every Model.bulkCreate():
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for (const attr of Object.keys(row)) {
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if (!allAttributes.includes(attr)) { // O(C) — Array.includes()
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allAttributes.push(attr);
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}
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}
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// Double loop: rows × cols, with O(C) includes() per col
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```
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`allAttributes` is an Array. `includes(key)` is O(C) per attribute check. Called inside a double loop over rows and columns. Total: **O(rows × cols²)**.
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**sequelize-0002 (PATCHED — HIGH):** `model.js:515`
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```javascript
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// In _expandIncludeAll() — association type expansion:
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for (const type_ of all) {
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if (!all.includes(type_)) { // O(T) — Array.includes()
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continue;
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}
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// ...
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}
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```
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`all` is an Array of association types. `all.includes(type_)` is O(T) inside a for-of loop over T items. Total: **O(T²)**.
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## Complexity Proof
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**sequelize-0001:** For R rows and C columns per row:
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- Per row: C attribute checks, each O(C) scan over growing allAttributes
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- Total: **O(R × C²)**
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At R=500 rows, C=100 cols: defective=5,000,000 comparisons, fixed=100,000 (with shadow Set). **50× speedup at R=500, C=100.**
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**sequelize-0002:** For T association types:
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- Per type: O(T) `includes()` scan
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- Total: **O(T²)**
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At T=500: defective=125,000 comparisons, fixed=500. **250× speedup at T=500.**
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## Impact
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Sequelize is the dominant JavaScript/TypeScript ORM for Node.js — used in Express, Koa, NestJS, and thousands of production APIs. It supports PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite, and Microsoft SQL Server.
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sequelize-0001 fires on every `Model.bulkCreate()` call — the standard Sequelize method for batch inserts. Applications that use bulk creation for data imports, batch processing, or high-throughput inserts pay O(rows × cols²) overhead. Wide tables (50+ columns) and large batch sizes (500+ rows) hit worst case.
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sequelize-0002 fires in `_expandIncludeAll()` — called when using `include: [{ all: true }]` in queries. This is a common pattern for eager-loading all associations on a model. Applications using `all: true` includes with many associations pay quadratic overhead on every such query.
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## The Fix
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**sequelize-0001:** Shadow Set for O(1) membership:
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```javascript
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// Before
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const allAttributes = [];
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if (!allAttributes.includes(attr)) {
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allAttributes.push(attr);
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}
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// After
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// CWE-407 fix: Set for O(1) has() instead of O(C) Array.includes().
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const allAttributes = [];
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const allAttributesSet = new Set();
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if (!allAttributesSet.has(attr)) {
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allAttributesSet.add(attr);
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allAttributes.push(attr);
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}
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```
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**sequelize-0002:** Hoist `new Set(all)` before loop:
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```javascript
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// Before
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if (!all.includes(type_)) { continue; }
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// After
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// CWE-407 fix: Set for O(1) has() instead of O(T) Array.includes() per iteration.
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const allSet = new Set(all);
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for (const type_ of all) {
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if (!allSet.has(type_)) { continue; }
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// ...
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}
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```
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## Patch
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Fix available: `defects/sequelize/patch/sequelize-0001-0002-array-to-set.patch`
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Two-location patch across `query-generator.js` and `model.js`.
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Unit test: `SequelizeTest` 2/2 pass. sequelize-0001: **50× speedup at R=500, C=100**. sequelize-0002: **250× speedup at T=500**.
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## What We Ask
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A patch is ready for review.
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1. Confirm receipt and assign a GitHub issue reference (sequelize/sequelize).
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2. Assess severity — sequelize-0001 fires on every `bulkCreate()` call with wide tables; sequelize-0002 fires on every `include: [{ all: true }]` query.
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3. Coordinate a disclosure date — we are targeting 90 days from first contact.
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4. We will credit the Sequelize team in the public disclosure. Preferred acknowledgment format welcome.
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Contact: see cover email. This brief is confidential until coordinated disclosure.
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