From bbe37ea72d035146128959388ba238ea9d24ddca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "russell@unturf.com" Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 08:24:35 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Add two-way footnote anchors with back-links on plastics page --- single-use-plastics/index.html | 46 +++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) diff --git a/single-use-plastics/index.html b/single-use-plastics/index.html index fd434f5..eb28d95 100644 --- a/single-use-plastics/index.html +++ b/single-use-plastics/index.html @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@

-A system in harmony has appropriate inputs for all of its outputs. Single-use plastic fails this test absolutely. Input draws from petroleum deposits laid down over a hundred million years. Output persists for a thousand years in landfill, or forever as microplastics in soil, water, & blood.[11] No process exists to close this cycle. No return arrow exists from output back to input. +A system in harmony has appropriate inputs for all of its outputs. Single-use plastic fails this test absolutely. Input draws from petroleum deposits laid down over a hundred million years. Output persists for a thousand years in landfill, or forever as microplastics in soil, water, & blood.[11] No process exists to close this cycle. No return arrow exists from output back to input.

@@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ A tree takes sunlight, water, & CO2. It produces oxygen, fruit, wood, & leaf lit

Scale

-Before 1907, zero synthetic plastic existed on earth.[1] In one human lifetime, petroleum industry produced over ten billion tons.[2] Every piece ever manufactured still exists somewhere.[3] +Before 1907, zero synthetic plastic existed on earth.[1] In one human lifetime, petroleum industry produced over ten billion tons.[2] Every piece ever manufactured still exists somewhere.[3]

Timeline of plastic production from 2 million tons in 1950 to 450+ million tons today -
from zero to ten billion tons in one century.[4] every piece still here.
+
from zero to ten billion tons in one century.[4] every piece still here.
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Before 1907, zero synthetic plastic existed on earth.[1]

Recycling Lies

-A recycling symbol on plastic got placed there by petroleum industry.[5] Not to enable recycling. To enable selling. That symbol transfers guilt from producer to consumer. You sort your trash. You feel responsible. You believe a cycle closes. It does not. +A recycling symbol on plastic got placed there by petroleum industry.[5] Not to enable recycling. To enable selling. That symbol transfers guilt from producer to consumer. You sort your trash. You feel responsible. You believe a cycle closes. It does not.

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ A recycling symbol on plastic got placed there by petroleum industry.

-Less than 6% of plastic produced in United States gets recycled.[6] Rest goes to landfill,[7] gets shipped overseas, gets burned in open air poisoning communities in Southeast Asia,[8] or enters oceans. Numbered resin codes (1 through 7) never functioned as recycling categories.[9] They served as material identification codes that industry knew consumers would confuse with recyclability. Confusion served as product. +Less than 6% of plastic produced in United States gets recycled.[6] Rest goes to landfill,[7] gets shipped overseas, gets burned in open air poisoning communities in Southeast Asia,[8] or enters oceans. Numbered resin codes (1 through 7) never functioned as recycling categories.[9] They served as material identification codes that industry knew consumers would confuse with recyclability. Confusion served as product.

@@ -138,11 +138,11 @@ An average American touches single-use plastic from waking until sleep. Plastic
A day in the American life: plastic at every step, 4.4 lbs waste per person per day -
4.4 lbs of waste per person per day.[10] 300 million people. 365 days. do the math.
+
4.4 lbs of waste per person per day.[10] 300 million people. 365 days. do the math.

-Microplastics now appear in human blood,[11] lung tissue,[12] placentas,[13] & brain tissue.[14] Researchers estimate an average person ingests approximately one credit card worth of plastic per week through food, water, & air.[15] Endocrine disruptors leaching from plastics interfere with hormone systems across every species tested.[16] American life wrapped itself in plastic & plastic wrapped itself in us. +Microplastics now appear in human blood,[11] lung tissue,[12] placentas,[13] & brain tissue.[14] Researchers estimate an average person ingests approximately one credit card worth of plastic per week through food, water, & air.[15] Endocrine disruptors leaching from plastics interfere with hormone systems across every species tested.[16] American life wrapped itself in plastic & plastic wrapped itself in us.

@@ -201,37 +201,37 @@ Grow food not lawn. Grow glass not plastic. Grow what cycles.
    -
  1. Leo Baekeland patented Bakelite in 1907, first fully synthetic plastic. American Chemical Society, Bakelite: First Synthetic Plastic, National Historic Chemical Landmarks.
    2. +
  2. Leo Baekeland patented Bakelite in 1907, first fully synthetic plastic. American Chemical Society, Bakelite: First Synthetic Plastic, National Historic Chemical Landmarks. ↩
    3. -
  3. Geyer, Jambeck & Law, "Production, use, & fate of all plastics ever made," Science Advances 3(7), July 2017. Documented 8.3 billion metric tons produced through 2015; production has continued accelerating past 450 million tons per year since.
    4. +
  4. Geyer, Jambeck & Law, "Production, use, & fate of all plastics ever made," Science Advances 3(7), July 2017. Documented 8.3 billion metric tons produced through 2015; production has continued accelerating past 450 million tons per year since. ↩
    5. -
  5. Most plastic ever produced persists in landfills or environment. Roughly 12% has reached incineration. Geyer et al. (2017) found 79% accumulated in landfills or natural environment, 12% incinerated, 9% recycled (most of which later reached landfill).
    6. +
  6. Most plastic ever produced persists in landfills or environment. Roughly 12% has reached incineration. Geyer et al. (2017) found 79% accumulated in landfills or natural environment, 12% incinerated, 9% recycled (most of which later reached landfill). ↩
    7. -
  7. OECD, Global Plastics Outlook, 2022. Production grew from 2 million tons in 1950 to 460 million tons in 2019, nearly doubling every 15 years.
    8. +
  8. OECD, Global Plastics Outlook, 2022. Production grew from 2 million tons in 1950 to 460 million tons in 2019, nearly doubling every 15 years. ↩
    9. -
  9. Documented in NPR/PBS Frontline investigation, "Plastic Wars" (March 2020). Society of Plastics Industry created resin identification codes in 1988, deliberately resembling recycling symbols.
    10. +
  10. Documented in NPR/PBS Frontline investigation, "Plastic Wars" (March 2020). Society of Plastics Industry created resin identification codes in 1988, deliberately resembling recycling symbols. ↩
    11. -
  11. U.S. EPA, Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts & Figures, 2018 data (published 2020). EPA reported 8.7% recycling rate; Greenpeace & Last Beach Cleanup reported 5-6% for 2021. Both confirm single-digit recycling rates.
    12. +
  12. U.S. EPA, Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: Facts & Figures, 2018 data (published 2020). EPA reported 8.7% recycling rate; Greenpeace & Last Beach Cleanup reported 5-6% for 2021. Both confirm single-digit recycling rates. ↩
    13. -
  13. Geyer, Jambeck & Law, Science Advances 3(7), 2017. 79% of all plastic ever produced accumulated in landfills or natural environment.
    14. +
  14. Geyer, Jambeck & Law, Science Advances 3(7), 2017. 79% of all plastic ever produced accumulated in landfills or natural environment. ↩
    15. -
  15. Basel Action Network & numerous investigations documented US & European plastic waste exports to China (until 2018 National Sword ban), then redirection to Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, & Thailand. BAN Plastic Waste Transparency Project.
    16. +
  16. Basel Action Network & numerous investigations documented US & European plastic waste exports to China (until 2018 National Sword ban), then redirection to Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, & Thailand. BAN Plastic Waste Transparency Project. ↩
    17. -
  17. NPR, "How Big Oil Misled Public Into Believing Plastic Would Be Recycled" (September 2020). Internal industry documents showed companies knew most plastic could not get recycled economically.
    18. +
  18. NPR, "How Big Oil Misled Public Into Believing Plastic Would Be Recycled" (September 2020). Internal industry documents showed companies knew most plastic could not get recycled economically. ↩
    19. -
  19. U.S. EPA, Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, & Disposal in United States: Facts & Figures. Average American generates 4.4 pounds of municipal solid waste per day.
    20. +
  20. U.S. EPA, Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, & Disposal in United States: Facts & Figures. Average American generates 4.4 pounds of municipal solid waste per day. ↩
    21. -
  21. Leslie et al., "Discovery & quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood," Environment International 163, May 2022. Found microplastics in 77% of blood samples tested.
    22. +
  22. Leslie et al., "Discovery & quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood," Environment International 163, May 2022. Found microplastics in 77% of blood samples tested. ↩
    23. -
  23. Jenner et al., "Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using μFTIR spectroscopy," Science of Total Environment 831, July 2022.
    24. +
  24. Jenner et al., "Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using μFTIR spectroscopy," Science of Total Environment 831, July 2022. ↩
    25. -
  25. Ragusa et al., "Plasticenta: First evidence of microplastics in human placenta," Environment International 146, January 2021.
    26. +
  26. Ragusa et al., "Plasticenta: First evidence of microplastics in human placenta," Environment International 146, January 2021. ↩
    27. -
  27. Campen et al., University of New Mexico, 2024. Found microplastics in all brain tissue samples examined, with concentrations increasing over time. UNM Health Sciences Center.
    28. +
  28. Campen et al., University of New Mexico, 2024. Found microplastics in all brain tissue samples examined, with concentrations increasing over time. UNM Health Sciences Center. ↩
    29. -
  29. WWF International & University of Newcastle, Australia, "No Plastic in Nature: Assessing Plastic Ingestion from Nature to People," June 2019. Estimated ~5 grams per week through food, water, & air. Figure remains debated; other studies estimate lower amounts.
    30. +
  30. WWF International & University of Newcastle, Australia, "No Plastic in Nature: Assessing Plastic Ingestion from Nature to People," June 2019. Estimated ~5 grams per week through food, water, & air. Figure remains debated; other studies estimate lower amounts. ↩
    31. -
  31. Endocrine Society Scientific Statement, "Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals," 2009 & 2015 updates. Documented effects of BPA, phthalates, & other plastic-derived chemicals on hormone systems across mammalian, aquatic, & amphibian species.
    32. +
  32. Endocrine Society Scientific Statement, "Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals," 2009 & 2015 updates. Documented effects of BPA, phthalates, & other plastic-derived chemicals on hormone systems across mammalian, aquatic, & amphibian species. ↩