# unturf.

### grow food not lawn

manifesto · eight forms of capital · single-use plastics · hemp bioplastic · recipe · free software

## Eight Forms of Capital

We measure wealth in dollars. That measurement captures one form of capital out of eight. Seven others flow through every community, every ecosystem, every permacomputer. When we see all eight, we see a full mesh of abundance already present, waiting to circulate.

This framework comes from Ethan Roland & Gregory Landua, who noticed that permaculture courses exchanged far more than money.[1] Knowledge, food, relationships, stories, spiritual growth, & physical labor all flowed between participants. They named what they observed: eight distinct forms of capital, each transformable into the others. Roland built on Bill Mollison’s earlier categorization of assets in Permaculture: A Designers’ Manual.[2]

STEP 1

### Eight Forms

Each form of capital exists as a pool (stored amount) & participates in flows (exchanges with other pools). Here they stand, from foundation to emergence:

from living capital at the foundation to cultural capital as emergent community property

#### Living Capital

Soil, water, plants, animals, human health, genetic diversity, ecosystems. A foundation upon which all other forms depend. We cannot eat money. Measure wealth in ounces, acres, & hooves.

#### Material Capital

Non-living physical objects, both raw & processed. Stone, metal, timber complexed into buildings, bridges, tools, servers, networks. Essential for work & survival, derived ultimately from living capital.

#### Financial Capital

Money, currencies, securities. A dominant medium of exchange. A powerful tool for both oppression & liberation. Current global systems grow financial capital exponentially at expense of all other forms.

#### Intellectual Capital

Ideas, concepts, knowledge, truth. Held in human neocortex. Going to university exchanges financial capital for intellectual capital. Open source code releases intellectual capital into commons.

#### Experiential Capital

Embodied know-how built from lived experience. A gap between a novice & a master. Grandma's biscuit recipe, for which no recipe exists, only feel of dough in hands.

#### Social Capital

Influence, connections, relationships, trust, networks. Favors owed & given. Of primary importance in politics, business, & community organizing. Takes forms of equity (goodwill) or debt (obligation).

#### Cultural Capital

Shared internal & external experience of a group. Story, myth, song, art, ceremony, shared ethics. Only a form that can gather through community, never by individuals alone. An emergent property of exchange.

#### Spiritual Capital

Karma, faith, presence, inner connection to & awareness of a greater whole. In some Mayan cultures, humans carry a spiritual debt to the beauty of existence, spending their lives creating beauty to service that debt.

STEP 2

### Full Mesh

Every form of capital can transform into every other form. Twenty-eight connections between eight nodes. This mesh already exists in every community, every marketplace, every ecosystem. Most people only see one connection: a financial one.

28 connections between 8 forms, every node reaches every other node

This mesh resembles a network topology, & that resemblance carries meaning. Redundancy creates resilience. When one connection breaks, capital still flows through alternative paths. A community rich in all eight forms recovers from shocks that destroy communities dependent on one.

STEP 3

### Two Groups: Nurture & Transactional

Eight forms divide into two groups of four. This division reveals how current systems operate & how a regenerative system would differ.

the red arrows show extraction, the green arrows show regeneration

Nurture capitals must grow & get cultivated proactively: living, social, cultural, spiritual. These form a foundation of abundance. They cannot get manufactured or purchased outright. They require time, attention, & relationship.

Transactional capitals facilitate exchange: financial, material, intellectual, experiential. These serve as tools & media. They carry value but do not generate lasting wealth on their own.

Current systems extract four nurture capitals (social, cultural, spiritual, living) to create ever-growing amounts of financial & material capital, using intellectual & experiential capital to facilitate transfer.

STEP 4

### An Extractive Pattern

A dominant pattern in current systems flows in one direction: extract living capital, process into material capital, sell for financial capital, grow financial capital exponentially. Everything else feeds a machine.

one-way extraction, every form feeds financial, financial feeds itself

Social capital gets leveraged for business connections. Cultural capital gets commodified into content. Spiritual capital gets exploited through faith-based marketing. Intellectual & experiential capital facilitate extraction. Financial capital compounds. Nurture capitals deplete.

STEP 5

### A Regenerative Pattern

A regenerative system reverses dominant flow. Financial capital gets invested back into living capital. Surplus, not base, gets harvested. Cycles sustain themselves. Living capital grows, & everything else grows with it.

invest in living capital, harvest only surplus, grow what survives

This pattern maps directly to a permacomputer's quadrivium. Truth demands that intellectual capital flow freely as open source. Freedom demands that social capital form through voluntary participation. Harmony demands that living capital self-renew with appropriate inputs for all outputs. Love demands that spiritual capital serve as fuel.

STEP 6

### A Knowledge Loop

Three forms of capital create a self-reinforcing cycle of learning & application. Theory meets practice meets observation. Each loop accelerates mastery.

read, practice, observe, repeat. theory grounded in dirt.

Intellectual capital (ideas, theory, open source documentation) gets applied through practice, building experiential capital (skill, know-how). Skilled hands transform living capital (land, systems, infrastructure). Observation of results generates new intellectual capital. Loops close. Each revolution deepens understanding.

In permacomputer terms: open source code (intellectual) gets deployed & operated (experiential) on real infrastructure (living). Results teach us what works. We write better code. Seeds improve with each planting.

STEP 7

### A Community Loop

Cultural capital can only emerge from community. No individual can create shared story, shared myth, shared ceremony alone. This loop shows how relationships & depth weave into something larger than any participant.

relationships weave into shared meaning, shared meaning sustains the land for generations

Social capital (relationships, trust) & spiritual capital (depth, presence) feed into cultural capital (shared story, art, ethics). Cultural capital sustains ecological stewardship across generations. Shared ethics of a community determine whether living capital gets extracted or regenerated. Culture carries values that outlast individual lifetimes.

"Code outlasts authors." A permacomputer grows cultural capital by creating shared infrastructure, shared tools, shared language. Culture of open source, voluntary participation, & mutual care becomes a vessel that carries a mission forward.

STEP 8

### When Capital Stagnates

Capital must flow. When any form accumulates without circulating, it becomes pollution. Hoarded financial capital breeds paranoia. Accumulated material capital becomes waste. Stagnant intellectual capital produces ivory tower detachment. Every form has a shadow.

capital that stops flowing starts rotting

A system in harmony has appropriate inputs for all of its outputs. Very little waste or pollution during operation. This principle from a permacomputer manifesto applies directly. A permacomputer keeps capital flowing: open source releases intellectual capital, voluntary participation circulates social capital, distributed infrastructure prevents material capital from concentrating.

STEP 9

### A Permacomputer as Regenerative System

Every design decision in a permacomputer maps to one or more forms of capital & one or more quadrivium values. A permacomputer functions as a regenerative enterprise: a venture that proactively grows foundational pools of nurture capital by providing goods & services that create net positive gains for a whole system.

each form of capital maps to one or more quadrivium values: truth, freedom, harmony, love

Capital | Permacomputer Expression | Quadrivium Value
--- | --- | ---
Living | Durable hardware, repair not replace | Harmony
Material | Servers, networks, IPv4/IPv6, cryptography | Harmony
Financial | Costs near zero, no monopoly, free as water | Freedom
Intellectual | Open source, public domain, seeds to sprout | Truth
Experiential | All layers accessible, learn by operating | Truth
Social | By the people, for the people, voluntary | Freedom
Cultural | Utopia of the commons, code outlasts authors | Freedom
Spiritual | Love as fuel, wu wei, homeostasis | Love

A permacomputer does not optimize for financial capital. It optimizes for all eight forms simultaneously, with living capital as foundation & cultural capital as emergent outcome. A quadrivium (truth, freedom, harmony, love) serves as a design constraint that ensures systems regenerate rather than extract.

Grow food not lawn. Grow all eight, not just one.

### Sources

1. Ethan C. Roland & Gregory Landua, Regenerative Enterprise: Optimizing for Multi-Capital Abundance (2013). Original article: Ethan C. Roland, “Eight Forms of Capital,” Permaculture Magazine, No. 68 (2011), AppleSeed Permaculture. PDF: appleseedpermaculture.com/…/8_Forms_of_Capital_PM68.pdf. Diagrams generated from DOT source files included in this repository. ↩
2. Bill Mollison, Permaculture: A Designers’ Manual, p. 534. Tagari Publications, Tasmania, Australia, 1988. ↩

← back to the manifesto