diff --git a/database.py b/database.py
index b2c40e9..51c113a 100644
--- a/database.py
+++ b/database.py
@@ -851,3 +851,32 @@ class Database:
             )
             result = await session.execute(stmt)
             return {row[0] for row in result.fetchall()}
+
+    async def get_pages_without_screenshots(self, domain: str = None) -> List[str]:
+        """Get page URIs that don't have screenshots yet.
+
+        Args:
+            domain: Optional domain filter (e.g., 'example.com')
+
+        Returns:
+            List of page URIs needing screenshots
+        """
+        async with self.session() as session:
+            # Subquery: pages that DO have screenshots
+            screenshotted = (
+                select(MediaSource.page_uri)
+                .join(Media, MediaSource.md5_hash == Media.md5_hash)
+                .where(Media.media_type == 'screenshot')
+                .distinct()
+                .scalar_subquery()
+            )
+
+            # Pages that exist but aren't in the screenshotted set
+            stmt = select(Page.uri).where(Page.uri.notin_(screenshotted))
+
+            if domain:
+                pattern = f"%://{domain}%" if '://' not in domain else f"%{domain}%"
+                stmt = stmt.where(Page.uri.like(pattern))
+
+            result = await session.execute(stmt)
+            return [row[0] for row in result.fetchall()]
diff --git a/neopig.py b/neopig.py
index 5cd93ed..1b9bca8 100644
--- a/neopig.py
+++ b/neopig.py
@@ -852,6 +852,31 @@ class NeoPig:
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning(f"Screenshot failed for {page_uri}: {e}")
 
+    async def backfill_missing_screenshots(self, domain: str, job_id: int = None):
+        """Capture screenshots for pages that don't have them yet.
+
+        Args:
+            domain: Domain to backfill (e.g., 'example.com')
+            job_id: Optional crawl job ID for tracking
+        """
+        if not self.screenshot_config.enabled:
+            return
+
+        # Get pages without screenshots for this domain
+        pages = await self.db.get_pages_without_screenshots(domain)
+        if not pages:
+            logger.debug(f"No pages need screenshots for {domain}")
+            return
+
+        logger.info(f"Backfilling {len(pages)} missing screenshots for {domain}")
+
+        for page_uri in tqdm(pages, desc="Screenshots", unit="pages", smoothing=0.1):
+            if page_uri in self.seen_screenshots:
+                continue
+            await self._capture_page_screenshot(page_uri, job_id or 0, content_length=0)
+
+        logger.info(f"Screenshot backfill complete for {domain}")
+
     def _get_extension(self, url: str, mime_type: str) -> str:
         """Determine file extension from URL or MIME type."""
         # Try from URL path
@@ -1830,6 +1855,13 @@ async def main():
 
         await asyncio.gather(*[crawl_target(t) for t in args.targets])
 
+        # Backfill missing screenshots for all crawled domains
+        if pig.screenshot_config.enabled:
+            for target in args.targets:
+                domain = Uri(target).host
+                if domain:
+                    await pig.backfill_missing_screenshots(domain)
+
         # Keep SERP server running after crawl
         if serp_process:
             logger.info(f"Crawl complete. SERP server still running at http://localhost:{args.port}")