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java-topology/test/jdk/java/net/httpclient/BasicHTTP3Test.java
russell@unturf.com 0a580b313d undefect. CWE-407 — 63 sites patched across 27 ecosystems 
Authors: russell@unturf.com · brackishbert@gmail.com · foxhop.net · TimeHexOn.com

Patches, unit tests, benchmarks, whitepaper, and outreach briefs.
Public domain — no copyright claimed. Use freely.
2026-03-26 17:11:57 -04:00

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2020, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpClient.Version;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest.Builder;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import jdk.httpclient.test.lib.common.HttpServerAdapters;
import jdk.httpclient.test.lib.http2.Http2TestServer;
import jdk.internal.net.quic.QuicVersion;
import jdk.test.lib.net.SimpleSSLContext;
import static java.net.http.HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2;
import static java.net.http.HttpClient.Version.HTTP_3;
import static java.net.http.HttpOption.H3_DISCOVERY;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
import static java.lang.System.out;
import static java.net.http.HttpOption.Http3DiscoveryMode.ALT_SVC;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeEachCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.TestWatcher;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
/*
* @test
* @library /test/lib /test/jdk/java/net/httpclient/lib
* @build jdk.test.lib.net.SimpleSSLContext
* jdk.httpclient.test.lib.common.HttpServerAdapters
* ReferenceTracker
* jdk.httpclient.test.lib.quic.QuicStandaloneServer
* @run junit/othervm -Djdk.internal.httpclient.debug=true
* -Djdk.httpclient.HttpClient.log=requests,responses,errors
* -Djavax.net.debug=all
* BasicHTTP3Test
* @summary Basic HTTP/3 test
*/
public class BasicHTTP3Test implements HttpServerAdapters {
private static final SSLContext sslContext = SimpleSSLContext.findSSLContext();
static HttpTestServer https2TestServer; // HTTP/2 ( h2 )
static String https2URI;
static HttpTestServer h3TestServer; // HTTP/2 ( h2 + h3)
static String h3URI;
static HttpTestServer h3qv2TestServer; // HTTP/2 ( h2 + h3 on Quic v2, incompatible nego)
static String h3URIQv2;
static HttpTestServer h3qv2CTestServer; // HTTP/2 ( h2 + h3 on Quic v2, compatible nego)
static String h3URIQv2C;
static HttpTestServer h3mtlsTestServer; // HTTP/2 ( h2 + h3), h3 requires client cert
static String h3mtlsURI;
static HttpTestServer h3TestServerWithRetry; // h3
static String h3URIRetry;
static HttpTestServer h3TestServerWithTLSHelloRetry; // h3
static String h3URITLSHelloRetry;
static final int ITERATION_COUNT = 4;
// a shared executor helps reduce the amount of threads created by the test
static final Executor executor = new TestExecutor(Executors.newCachedThreadPool());
static final ConcurrentMap<String, Throwable> FAILURES = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
static volatile boolean tasksFailed;
static final AtomicLong clientCount = new AtomicLong();
static final long start = System.nanoTime();
public static String now() {
long now = System.nanoTime() - start;
long secs = now / 1000_000_000;
long mill = (now % 1000_000_000) / 1000_000;
long nan = now % 1000_000;
return String.format("[%d s, %d ms, %d ns] ", secs, mill, nan);
}
private static final ReferenceTracker TRACKER = ReferenceTracker.INSTANCE;
private static volatile HttpClient sharedClient;
static class TestExecutor implements Executor {
final AtomicLong tasks = new AtomicLong();
Executor executor;
TestExecutor(Executor executor) {
this.executor = executor;
}
@java.lang.Override
public void execute(Runnable command) {
long id = tasks.incrementAndGet();
executor.execute(() -> {
try {
command.run();
} catch (Throwable t) {
tasksFailed = true;
System.out.printf(now() + "Task %s failed: %s%n", id, t);
System.err.printf(now() + "Task %s failed: %s%n", id, t);
FAILURES.putIfAbsent("Task " + id, t);
throw t;
}
});
}
}
private static boolean stopAfterFirstFailure() {
return Boolean.getBoolean("jdk.internal.httpclient.debug");
}
static final class TestStopper implements TestWatcher, BeforeEachCallback {
final AtomicReference<String> failed = new AtomicReference<>();
TestStopper() { }
@Override
public void testFailed(ExtensionContext context, Throwable cause) {
if (stopAfterFirstFailure()) {
String msg = "Aborting due to: " + cause;
failed.compareAndSet(null, msg);
FAILURES.putIfAbsent(context.getDisplayName(), cause);
System.out.printf("%nTEST FAILED: %s%s%n\tAborting due to %s%n%n",
now(), context.getDisplayName(), cause);
System.err.printf("%nTEST FAILED: %s%s%n\tAborting due to %s%n%n",
now(), context.getDisplayName(), cause);
}
}
@Override
public void beforeEach(ExtensionContext context) {
String msg = failed.get();
Assumptions.assumeTrue(msg == null, msg);
}
}
@RegisterExtension
static final TestStopper stopper = new TestStopper();
@AfterAll
static void printFailedTests() {
out.println("\n=========================");
try {
out.printf("%n%sCreated %d clients%n",
now(), clientCount.get());
if (FAILURES.isEmpty()) return;
out.println("Failed tests: ");
FAILURES.entrySet().forEach((e) -> {
out.printf("\t%s: %s%n", e.getKey(), e.getValue());
e.getValue().printStackTrace(out);
e.getValue().printStackTrace();
});
if (tasksFailed) {
System.out.println("WARNING: Some tasks failed");
}
} finally {
out.println("\n=========================\n");
}
}
private static String[] uris() {
return new String[] {
https2URI,
h3URI
};
}
public static Object[][] variants() {
String[] uris = uris();
Object[][] result = new Object[uris.length * 2 * 2][];
int i = 0;
for (var version : List.of(Optional.empty(), Optional.of(Version.HTTP_3))) {
for (boolean sameClient : List.of(false, true)) {
for (String uri : uris()) {
result[i++] = new Object[]{uri, sameClient, version};
}
}
}
assert i == uris.length * 2 * 2;
return result;
}
public static Object[][] versions() {
Object[][] result = {
{h3URI}, {h3URIRetry},
{h3URIQv2}, {h3URIQv2C},
{h3mtlsURI}, {h3URITLSHelloRetry},
};
return result;
}
private HttpClient makeNewClient() {
clientCount.incrementAndGet();
HttpClient client = newClientBuilderForH3()
.version(Version.HTTP_3)
.proxy(HttpClient.Builder.NO_PROXY)
.executor(executor)
.sslContext(sslContext)
.build();
return TRACKER.track(client);
}
HttpClient newHttpClient(boolean share) {
if (!share) return makeNewClient();
HttpClient shared = sharedClient;
if (shared != null) return shared;
synchronized (this) {
shared = sharedClient;
if (shared == null) {
shared = sharedClient = makeNewClient();
}
return shared;
}
}
@ParameterizedTest
@MethodSource("variants")
public void test(String uri, boolean sameClient, Optional<Version> version) throws Exception {
System.out.printf("%n%s-- test version=%s, sameClient=%s, uri=%s%n%n",
now(), version, sameClient, uri);
HttpClient client = newHttpClient(sameClient);
Builder builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder(URI.create(uri))
.GET();
version.ifPresent(builder::version);
for (int i = 0; i < ITERATION_COUNT; i++) {
// don't want to attempt direct connection as there could be another
// HTTP/3 endpoint listening at the URI port.
// sameClient should be fine because version.empty() should
// have come first and populated alt-services.
builder.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, ALT_SVC);
HttpRequest request = builder.build();
System.out.println("Iteration: " + i);
HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
out.println("Response: " + response);
out.println("Version: " + response.version());
int expectedResponse = 200;
if (response.statusCode() != expectedResponse)
throw new RuntimeException("wrong response code " + response.statusCode());
}
if (!sameClient) {
var tracker = TRACKER.getTracker(client);
client = null;
System.gc();
AssertionError error = TRACKER.check(tracker, 1000);
if (error != null) throw error;
}
System.out.println("test: DONE");
}
@ParameterizedTest
@MethodSource("versions")
public void testH3(final String h3URI) throws Exception {
System.out.printf("%n%s-- testH3 h3URI=%s%n%n", now(), h3URI);
HttpClient client = makeNewClient();
URI uri = URI.create(h3URI);
Builder builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri)
.version(HTTP_2)
.GET();
HttpRequest request = builder.build();
HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
out.println("Response #1: " + response);
out.println("Version #1: " + response.version());
assertEquals(200, response.statusCode(), "first response status");
assertEquals(HTTP_2, response.version(), "first response version");
request = builder.version(Version.HTTP_3).build();
response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
out.println("Response #2: " + response);
out.println("Version #2: " + response.version());
assertEquals(200, response.statusCode(), "second response status");
assertEquals(Version.HTTP_3, response.version(), "second response version");
if (h3URI.equals(h3mtlsURI)) {
assertNotNull(response.sslSession().get().getLocalCertificates());
} else {
assertNull(response.sslSession().get().getLocalCertificates());
}
var tracker = TRACKER.getTracker(client);
client = null;
System.gc();
AssertionError error = TRACKER.check(tracker, 1000);
if (error != null) throw error;
}
// verify that the client handles HTTP/3 reset stream correctly
@Test
public void testH3Reset() throws Exception {
System.out.printf("%n%s-- testH3Reset uri=%s%n%n", now(), h3URI);
HttpClient client = makeNewClient();
URI uri = URI.create(h3URI);
Builder builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri)
.version(HTTP_2)
.GET();
HttpRequest request = builder.build();
HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
out.println("Response #1: " + response);
out.println("Version #1: " + response.version());
assertEquals(200, response.statusCode(), "first response status");
assertEquals(HTTP_2, response.version(), "first response version");
// instruct the server side handler to throw an exception
// that then causes the test server to reset the stream
final String resetCausingURI = h3URI + "?handlerShouldThrow=true";
builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder(URI.create(resetCausingURI))
.GET();
request = builder.version(Version.HTTP_3)
.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, ALT_SVC)
.build();
try {
response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
throw new RuntimeException("Unexpectedly received a response instead of an exception," +
" response: " + response);
} catch (IOException e) {
final String msg = e.getMessage();
if (msg == null || !msg.contains("reset by peer")) {
// unexpected message in the exception, propagate the exception
throw e;
}
}
var tracker = TRACKER.getTracker(client);
client = null;
System.gc();
AssertionError error = TRACKER.check(tracker, 1000);
if (error != null) throw error;
}
@BeforeAll
public static void setup() throws Exception {
https2TestServer = HttpTestServer.create(HTTP_2, sslContext);
https2TestServer.addHandler(new Handler(), "/https2/test/");
https2URI = "https://" + https2TestServer.serverAuthority() + "/https2/test/x";
// A HTTP2 server with H3 enabled on a different host:port than the HTTP2 server
h3TestServer = HttpTestServer.create(HTTP_3, sslContext);
final HttpTestHandler h3Handler = new Handler();
h3TestServer.addHandler(h3Handler, "/h3/testH3/");
h3URI = "https://" + h3TestServer.serverAuthority() + "/h3/testH3/h3";
assertTrue(h3TestServer.canHandle(HTTP_2, Version.HTTP_3), "Server was expected" +
" to handle both HTTP2 and HTTP3, but doesn't");
// A HTTP2 server with H3 QUICv2 enabled on a different host:port than the HTTP2 server
final Http2TestServer h2q2Server = new Http2TestServer("localhost", true, sslContext)
.enableH3AltServiceOnEphemeralPortWithVersion(QuicVersion.QUIC_V2, false);
h3qv2TestServer = HttpTestServer.of(h2q2Server);
h3qv2TestServer.addHandler(h3Handler, "/h3/testH3/");
h3URIQv2 = "https://" + h3qv2TestServer.serverAuthority() + "/h3/testH3/h3qv2";
assertTrue(h3qv2TestServer.canHandle(HTTP_2, Version.HTTP_3), "Server was expected" +
" to handle both HTTP2 and HTTP3, but doesn't");
// A HTTP2 server with H3 QUICv2 compatible negotiation enabled on a different host:port than the HTTP2 server
final Http2TestServer h2q2CServer = new Http2TestServer("localhost", true, sslContext)
.enableH3AltServiceOnEphemeralPortWithVersion(QuicVersion.QUIC_V2, true);
h3qv2CTestServer = HttpTestServer.of(h2q2CServer);
h3qv2CTestServer.addHandler(h3Handler, "/h3/testH3/");
h3URIQv2C = "https://" + h3qv2CTestServer.serverAuthority() + "/h3/testH3/h3qv2c";
assertTrue(h3qv2CTestServer.canHandle(HTTP_2, Version.HTTP_3), "Server was expected" +
" to handle both HTTP2 and HTTP3, but doesn't");
// A HTTP2 server with H3 enabled on a different host:port than the HTTP2 server
// H3 server requires the client to authenticate with a certificate
h3mtlsTestServer = HttpTestServer.create(HTTP_3, sslContext);
h3mtlsTestServer.addHandler(h3Handler, "/h3/testH3/");
h3mtlsTestServer.getH3AltService().get().getQuicServer().setNeedClientAuth(true);
h3mtlsURI = "https://" + h3mtlsTestServer.serverAuthority() + "/h3/testH3/h3mtls";
assertTrue(h3mtlsTestServer.canHandle(HTTP_2, Version.HTTP_3), "Server was expected" +
" to handle both HTTP2 and HTTP3, but doesn't");
// A HTTP2 test server with H3 alt service listening on different host:port
// and the underlying quic server for H3 is configured to send a RETRY packet
final Http2TestServer h2Server = new Http2TestServer("localhost", true, sslContext)
.enableH3AltServiceOnEphemeralPort();
// configure send retry on QUIC server
h2Server.getH3AltService().get().getQuicServer().sendRetry(true);
h3TestServerWithRetry = HttpTestServer.of(h2Server);
h3TestServerWithRetry.addHandler(h3Handler, "/h3/testH3Retry/");
h3URIRetry = "https://" + h3TestServerWithRetry.serverAuthority() + "/h3/testH3Retry/x";
// A HTTP2 server with H3 enabled on a different host:port than the HTTP2 server
// TLS server rejects X25519 and secp256r1 key shares,
// which forces a hello retry at the moment of writing this test.
h3TestServerWithTLSHelloRetry = HttpTestServer.create(HTTP_3, sslContext);
h3TestServerWithTLSHelloRetry.addHandler(h3Handler, "/h3/testH3tlsretry/");
h3TestServerWithTLSHelloRetry.getH3AltService().get().getQuicServer().setRejectKeyAgreement(Set.of("x25519", "secp256r1"));
h3URITLSHelloRetry = "https://" + h3TestServerWithTLSHelloRetry.serverAuthority() + "/h3/testH3tlsretry/x";
assertTrue(h3TestServerWithTLSHelloRetry.canHandle(HTTP_2, Version.HTTP_3), "Server was expected" +
" to handle both HTTP2 and HTTP3, but doesn't");
https2TestServer.start();
h3TestServer.start();
h3qv2TestServer.start();
h3qv2CTestServer.start();
h3mtlsTestServer.start();
h3TestServerWithRetry.start();
h3TestServerWithTLSHelloRetry.start();
}
@AfterAll
public static void teardown() throws Exception {
System.err.println("=======================================================");
System.err.println(" Tearing down test");
System.err.println("=======================================================");
String sharedClientName =
sharedClient == null ? null : sharedClient.toString();
sharedClient = null;
Thread.sleep(100);
AssertionError fail = TRACKER.check(500);
try {
https2TestServer.stop();
h3TestServer.stop();
h3qv2CTestServer.stop();
h3qv2TestServer.stop();
h3mtlsTestServer.stop();
h3TestServerWithRetry.stop();
h3TestServerWithTLSHelloRetry.stop();
} finally {
if (fail != null) {
if (sharedClientName != null) {
System.err.println("Shared client name is: " + sharedClientName);
}
throw fail;
}
}
}
static class Handler implements HttpTestHandler {
public Handler() {}
volatile int invocation = 0;
@java.lang.Override
public void handle(HttpTestExchange t)
throws IOException {
try {
URI uri = t.getRequestURI();
System.err.printf("Handler received request for %s\n", uri);
final String query = uri.getQuery();
if (query != null && query.contains("handlerShouldThrow=true")) {
System.err.printf("intentionally throwing an exception for request %s\n", uri);
throw new RuntimeException("intentionally thrown by handler for request " + uri);
}
try (InputStream is = t.getRequestBody()) {
is.readAllBytes();
}
if ((invocation++ % 2) == 1) {
System.err.printf("Server sending %d - chunked\n", 200);
t.sendResponseHeaders(200, -1);
OutputStream os = t.getResponseBody();
os.close();
} else {
System.err.printf("Server sending %d - 0 length\n", 200);
t.sendResponseHeaders(200, 0);
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace(System.err);
throw new IOException(e);
}
}
}
}
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