java-topology/test/jdk/java/net/httpclient/http3/H3ConnectionPoolTest.java
russell@unturf.com 0a580b313d undefect. CWE-407 — 63 sites patched across 27 ecosystems
Authors: russell@unturf.com · brackishbert@gmail.com · foxhop.net · TimeHexOn.com

Patches, unit tests, benchmarks, whitepaper, and outreach briefs.
Public domain — no copyright claimed. Use freely.
2026-03-26 17:11:57 -04:00

564 lines
30 KiB
Java

/*
* Copyright (c) 2025, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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*/
/*
* @test
* @library /test/lib /test/jdk/java/net/httpclient/lib
* @build jdk.httpclient.test.lib.http2.Http2TestServer
* jdk.test.lib.Utils
* jdk.test.lib.net.SimpleSSLContext
* @run junit/othervm -Djdk.httpclient.HttpClient.log=ssl,requests,responses,errors,http3,quic:hs
* -Djdk.internal.httpclient.debug=false
* -Djdk.httpclient.keepalive.timeout.h3=480
* -Djdk.httpclient.quic.idleTimeout=480
* -Djdk.test.server.quic.idleTimeout=480
* H3ConnectionPoolTest
*/
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import jdk.httpclient.test.lib.common.HttpServerAdapters;
import jdk.httpclient.test.lib.http2.Http2TestServer;
import jdk.httpclient.test.lib.http3.Http3TestServer;
import jdk.test.lib.net.SimpleSSLContext;
import static java.net.http.HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2;
import static java.net.http.HttpClient.Version.HTTP_3;
import static java.net.http.HttpOption.H3_DISCOVERY;
import static java.net.http.HttpOption.Http3DiscoveryMode.ALT_SVC;
import static java.net.http.HttpOption.Http3DiscoveryMode.ANY;
import static java.net.http.HttpOption.Http3DiscoveryMode.HTTP_3_URI_ONLY;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
public class H3ConnectionPoolTest implements HttpServerAdapters {
private static final String CLASS_NAME = H3ConnectionPoolTest.class.getSimpleName();
static int altsvcPort, https2Port, http3Port;
static HttpTestServer http3OnlyServer;
static HttpTestServer https2AltSvcServer;
static volatile HttpClient client = null;
private static final SSLContext sslContext = SimpleSSLContext.findSSLContext();
static volatile String http3OnlyURIString, https2URIString, http3AltSvcURIString, http3DirectURIString;
static void initialize(boolean samePort) throws Exception {
initialize(samePort, HttpTestFileEchoHandler::new);
}
static void initialize(boolean samePort, Supplier<HttpTestHandler> handlers) throws Exception {
System.out.println("\nConfiguring for advertised AltSvc on "
+ (samePort ? "same port" : "ephemeral port"));
try {
client = null;
client = getClient();
// server that supports both HTTP/2 and HTTP/3, with HTTP/3 on an altSvc port.
Http2TestServer serverImpl = new Http2TestServer(true, sslContext);
if (samePort) {
System.out.println("Attempting to enable advertised HTTP/3 service on same port");
serverImpl.enableH3AltServiceOnSamePort();
System.out.println("Advertised AltSvc on same port " +
(serverImpl.supportsH3DirectConnection() ? "enabled" : " not enabled"));
} else {
System.out.println("Attempting to enable advertised HTTP/3 service on different port");
serverImpl.enableH3AltServiceOnEphemeralPort();
}
https2AltSvcServer = HttpTestServer.of(serverImpl);
https2AltSvcServer.addHandler(handlers.get(), "/" + CLASS_NAME + "/https2/");
https2AltSvcServer.addHandler(handlers.get(), "/" + CLASS_NAME + "/h2h3/");
https2Port = https2AltSvcServer.getAddress().getPort();
altsvcPort = https2AltSvcServer.getH3AltService()
.map(Http3TestServer::getAddress).stream()
.mapToInt(InetSocketAddress::getPort).findFirst()
.getAsInt();
// server that only supports HTTP/3 - we attempt to use the same port
// as the HTTP/2 server so that we can pretend that the H2 server as two H3 endpoints:
// one advertised (the alt service endpoint og the HTTP/2 server)
// one non advertised (the direct endpoint, at the same authority as HTTP/2, but which
// is in fact our http3OnlyServer)
Http3TestServer http3ServerImpl;
try {
http3ServerImpl = new Http3TestServer(sslContext, samePort ? 0 : https2Port);
System.out.println("Unadvertised service enabled on "
+ (samePort ? "ephemeral port" : "same port"));
} catch (IOException ex) {
System.out.println("Can't create HTTP/3 server on same port: " + ex);
http3ServerImpl = new Http3TestServer(sslContext, 0);
}
http3OnlyServer = HttpTestServer.of(http3ServerImpl);
http3OnlyServer.createContext("/" + CLASS_NAME + "/http3/", handlers.get());
http3OnlyServer.createContext("/" + CLASS_NAME + "/h2h3/", handlers.get());
http3OnlyServer.start();
http3Port = http3ServerImpl.getQuicServer().getAddress().getPort();
if (http3Port == https2Port) {
System.out.println("HTTP/3 server enabled on same port than HTTP/2 server");
if (samePort) {
System.out.println("WARNING: configuration could not be respected," +
" should have used ephemeral port for HTTP/3 server");
}
} else {
System.out.println("HTTP/3 server enabled on a different port than HTTP/2 server");
if (!samePort) {
System.out.println("WARNING: configuration could not be respected," +
" should have used same port for HTTP/3 server");
}
}
if (altsvcPort == https2Port) {
if (!samePort) {
System.out.println("WARNING: configuration could not be respected," +
" should have used same port for advertised AltSvc");
}
} else {
if (samePort) {
System.out.println("WARNING: configuration could not be respected," +
" should have used ephemeral port for advertised AltSvc");
}
}
http3OnlyURIString = "https://" + http3OnlyServer.serverAuthority() + "/" + CLASS_NAME + "/http3/foo/";
https2URIString = "https://" + https2AltSvcServer.serverAuthority() + "/" + CLASS_NAME + "/https2/bar/";
http3DirectURIString = "https://" + https2AltSvcServer.serverAuthority() + "/" + CLASS_NAME + "/h2h3/direct/";
http3AltSvcURIString = https2URIString
.replace(":" + https2Port + "/", ":" + altsvcPort + "/")
.replace("/https2/bar/", "/h2h3/altsvc/");
System.out.println("HTTP/2 server started at: " + https2AltSvcServer.serverAuthority());
System.out.println(" with advertised HTTP/3 endpoint at: "
+ URI.create(http3AltSvcURIString).getRawAuthority());
System.out.println("HTTP/3 server started at:" + http3OnlyServer.serverAuthority());
https2AltSvcServer.start();
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.out.println("Configuration failed: " + e);
System.err.println("Throwing now: " + e);
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
}
}
@Test
public void testH3Only() throws Exception {
System.out.println("\nTesting HTTP/3 only");
initialize(true);
try (HttpClient client = getClient()) {
var reqBuilder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create(http3OnlyURIString))
.version(HTTP_3)
.GET();
HttpRequest request1 = reqBuilder.copy()
.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, HTTP_3_URI_ONLY)
.build();
HttpResponse<String> response1 = client.send(request1, BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.printf("First response: (%s): %s%n", response1.connectionLabel(), response1);
response1.headers().map().entrySet().forEach((e) -> {
System.out.printf(" %s: %s%n", e.getKey(), e.getValue());
});
// ANY should reuse the same connection
HttpRequest request2 = reqBuilder.copy()
.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, ANY)
.build();
HttpResponse<String> response2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
HttpRequest request3 = reqBuilder.copy()
.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, HTTP_3_URI_ONLY)
.build();
HttpResponse<String> response3 = client.send(request3, BodyHandlers.ofString());
// ANY should reuse the same connection
HttpRequest request4 = reqBuilder.copy()
.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, ANY)
.build();
HttpResponse<String> response4 = client.send(request4, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(response1.connectionLabel().get(), response2.connectionLabel().get());
assertEquals(response2.connectionLabel().get(), response3.connectionLabel().get());
assertEquals(response3.connectionLabel().get(), response4.connectionLabel().get());
} finally {
http3OnlyServer.stop();
https2AltSvcServer.stop();
}
}
@Test
public void testH2H3WithTwoAltSVC() throws Exception {
testH2H3(false);
}
@Test
public void testH2H3WithAltSVCOnSamePort() throws Exception {
testH2H3(true);
}
private static void testH2H3(boolean samePort) throws Exception {
System.out.println("\nTesting with advertised AltSvc on "
+ (samePort ? "same port" : "ephemeral port"));
initialize(samePort);
try (HttpClient client = getClient()) {
var req1Builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create(http3DirectURIString))
.version(HTTP_3)
.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, HTTP_3_URI_ONLY)
.GET();
var req2Builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create(http3DirectURIString))
.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, ALT_SVC)
.version(HTTP_3)
.GET();
if (altsvcPort == https2Port) {
System.out.println("Testing with alt service on same port");
// first request with HTTP3_URI_ONLY should create H3 connection
HttpRequest request1 = req1Builder.copy().build();
HttpResponse<String> response1 = client.send(request1, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response1.version());
checkStatus(200, response1.statusCode());
HttpRequest request2 = req2Builder.copy().build();
// first request with ALT_SVC is to get alt service, should be H2
HttpResponse<String> h2resp2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_2, h2resp2.version());
checkStatus(200, h2resp2.statusCode());
// second request should have ALT_SVC and create new connection with H3
// it should not reuse the non-advertised connection
HttpResponse<String> response2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response2.version());
checkStatus(200, response2.statusCode());
assertNotEquals(response1.connectionLabel().get(), response2.connectionLabel().get());
// second request with HTTP3_URI_ONLY should reuse a created connection
// It should reuse the advertised connection (from response2) if same
// origin
HttpRequest request3 = req1Builder.copy().build();
HttpResponse<String> response3 = client.send(request3, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response3.version());
checkStatus(200, response3.statusCode());
assertEquals(response1.connectionLabel().get(), response3.connectionLabel().get());
// third request with ALT_SVC should reuse the same advertised
// connection (from response2), regardless of same origin...
HttpRequest request4 = req2Builder.copy().build();
HttpResponse<String> response4 = client.send(request4, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response4.version());
checkStatus(200, response4.statusCode());
assertEquals(response4.connectionLabel().get(), response2.connectionLabel().get());
} else if (http3Port == https2Port) {
System.out.println("Testing with two alt services");
// first - make a direct connection
HttpRequest request1 = req1Builder.copy().build();
HttpResponse<String> response1 = client.send(request1, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response1.version());
checkStatus(200, response1.statusCode());
// second, get the alt service
HttpRequest request2 = req2Builder.copy().build();
// first request with ALT_SVC is to get alt service, should be H2
HttpResponse<String> h2resp2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_2, h2resp2.version());
checkStatus(200, h2resp2.statusCode());
// second request should have ALT_SVC and create new connection with H3
// it should not reuse the non-advertised connection
HttpResponse<String> response2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response2.version());
checkStatus(200, response2.statusCode());
assertNotEquals(h2resp2.connectionLabel().get(), response2.connectionLabel().get());
assertNotEquals(response1.connectionLabel().get(), response2.connectionLabel().get());
// third request with ALT_SVC should reuse the same advertised
// connection (from response2), regardless of same origin...
HttpRequest request3 = req2Builder.copy().build();
HttpResponse<String> response3 = client.send(request3, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response3.version());
checkStatus(200, response3.statusCode());
assertEquals(response2.connectionLabel().get(), response3.connectionLabel().get());
assertNotEquals(response1.connectionLabel().get(), response3.connectionLabel().get());
// fourth request with HTTP_3_URI_ONLY should reuse the first connection,
// and not reuse the second.
HttpRequest request4 = req1Builder.copy().build();
HttpResponse<String> response4 = client.send(request4, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response4.version());
assertEquals(response1.connectionLabel().get(), response4.connectionLabel().get());
assertNotEquals(response3.connectionLabel().get(), response4.connectionLabel().get());
checkStatus(200, response1.statusCode());
} else {
System.out.println("WARNING: Couldn't create HTTP/3 server on same port! Can't test all...");
// Get, get the alt service
HttpRequest request2 = req2Builder.copy().build();
// first request with ALT_SVC is to get alt service, should be H2
HttpResponse<String> h2resp2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_2, h2resp2.version());
checkStatus(200, h2resp2.statusCode());
// second request should have ALT_SVC and create new connection with H3
// it should not reuse the non-advertised connection
HttpResponse<String> response2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response2.version());
checkStatus(200, response2.statusCode());
assertNotEquals(h2resp2.connectionLabel().get(), response2.connectionLabel().get());
// third request with ALT_SVC should reuse the same advertised
// connection (from response2), regardless of same origin...
HttpRequest request3 = req2Builder.copy().build();
HttpResponse<String> response3 = client.send(request3, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response3.version());
checkStatus(200, response3.statusCode());
assertEquals(response2.connectionLabel().get(), response3.connectionLabel().get());
}
} finally {
http3OnlyServer.stop();
https2AltSvcServer.stop();
}
}
@Test
public void testParallelH2H3WithTwoAltSVC() throws Exception {
testH2H3Concurrent(false);
}
@Test
public void testParallelH2H3WithAltSVCOnSamePort() throws Exception {
testH2H3Concurrent(true);
}
private static void testH2H3Concurrent(boolean samePort) throws Exception {
System.out.println("\nTesting concurrent connections with advertised AltSvc on "
+ (samePort ? "same port" : "ephemeral port"));
initialize(samePort);
try (HttpClient client = getClient()) {
var req1Builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create(http3DirectURIString))
.version(HTTP_3)
.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, HTTP_3_URI_ONLY)
.GET();
var req2Builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create(http3DirectURIString))
.setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, ALT_SVC)
.version(HTTP_3)
.GET();
if (altsvcPort == https2Port) {
System.out.println("Testing with alt service on same port");
// first request with HTTP3_URI_ONLY should create H3 connection
HttpRequest request1 = req1Builder.copy().build();
HttpRequest request2 = req2Builder.copy().build();
List<CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>>> directResponses = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
directResponses.add(client.sendAsync(request1, BodyHandlers.ofString()));
}
// can't send requests in parallel here because if any establishes
// a connection before the H3 direct are established, then the H3
// direct might reuse the H3 alt since the service is with same origin
HttpResponse<String> h2resp2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
String c1Label = null;
for (int i = 0; i < directResponses.size(); i++) {
HttpResponse<String> response1 = directResponses.get(i).get();
System.out.printf("direct response [%s][%s]: %s%n", i,
response1.connectionLabel(),
response1);
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response1.version());
checkStatus(200, response1.statusCode());
if (i == 0) {
c1Label = response1.connectionLabel().get();
}
assertEquals(c1Label, response1.connectionLabel().orElse(null));
}
// first request with ALT_SVC is to get alt service, should be H2
assertEquals(HTTP_2, h2resp2.version());
checkStatus(200, h2resp2.statusCode());
assertNotEquals(c1Label, h2resp2.connectionLabel().orElse(null));
// second request should have ALT_SVC and create new connection with H3
// it should not reuse the non-advertised connection
List<CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>>> altResponses = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
altResponses.add(client.sendAsync(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString()));
}
String c2Label = null;
for (int i = 0; i < altResponses.size(); i++) {
HttpResponse<String> response2 = altResponses.get(i).get();
System.out.printf("alt response [%s][%s]: %s%n", i,
response2.connectionLabel(),
response2);
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response2.version());
checkStatus(200, response2.statusCode());
assertNotEquals(c1Label, response2.connectionLabel().get());
if (i == 0) {
c2Label = response2.connectionLabel().get();
}
assertEquals(c2Label, response2.connectionLabel().orElse(null));
}
// second set of requests should reuse a created connection
HttpRequest request3 = req1Builder.copy().build();
List<CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>>> mixResponses = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i=0; i < 3; i++) {
mixResponses.add(client.sendAsync(request3, BodyHandlers.ofString()));
mixResponses.add(client.sendAsync(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString()));
}
for (int i=0; i < mixResponses.size(); i++) {
HttpResponse<String> response3 = mixResponses.get(i).get();
System.out.printf("mixed response [%s][%s] %s: %s%n", i,
response3.connectionLabel(),
response3.request().getOption(H3_DISCOVERY),
response3);
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response3.version());
checkStatus(200, response3.statusCode());
if (response3.request().getOption(H3_DISCOVERY).orElse(null) == ALT_SVC) {
assertEquals(c2Label, response3.connectionLabel().get());
} else {
assertEquals(c1Label, response3.connectionLabel().get());
}
}
} else if (http3Port == https2Port) {
System.out.println("Testing with two alt services");
// first - make a direct connection
HttpRequest request1 = req1Builder.copy().build();
// second, use the alt service
HttpRequest request2 = req2Builder.copy().build();
HttpResponse<String> h2resp2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_2, h2resp2.version());
checkStatus(200, h2resp2.statusCode());
// third, use ANY
HttpRequest request3 = req2Builder.copy().setOption(H3_DISCOVERY, ANY).build();
List<CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>>> directResponses = new ArrayList<>();
List<CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>>> altResponses = new ArrayList<>();
List<CompletableFuture<HttpResponse<String>>> anyResponses = new ArrayList<>();
checkStatus(200, h2resp2.statusCode());
for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
anyResponses.add(client.sendAsync(request3, BodyHandlers.ofString()));
directResponses.add(client.sendAsync(request1, BodyHandlers.ofString()));
altResponses.add(client.sendAsync(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString()));
}
String c1Label = null;
for (int i = 0; i < directResponses.size(); i++) {
HttpResponse<String> response1 = directResponses.get(i).get();
System.out.printf("direct response [%s][%s] %s: %s%n", i,
response1.connectionLabel(),
response1.request().getOption(H3_DISCOVERY),
response1);
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response1.version());
checkStatus(200, response1.statusCode());
if (i == 0) {
c1Label = response1.connectionLabel().get();
}
assertEquals(c1Label, response1.connectionLabel().orElse(null));
}
String c2Label = null;
for (int i = 0; i < altResponses.size(); i++) {
HttpResponse<String> response2 = altResponses.get(i).get();
System.out.printf("alt response [%s][%s] %s: %s%n", i,
response2.connectionLabel(),
response2.request().getOption(H3_DISCOVERY),
response2);
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response2.version());
checkStatus(200, response2.statusCode());
if (i == 0) {
c2Label = response2.connectionLabel().get();
}
assertNotEquals(h2resp2.connectionLabel().get(), response2.connectionLabel().get());
assertNotEquals(c1Label, response2.connectionLabel().get());
assertEquals(c2Label, response2.connectionLabel().orElse(null));
}
var expectedLabels = Set.of(c1Label, c2Label);
for (int i = 0; i < anyResponses.size(); i++) {
HttpResponse<String> response3 = anyResponses.get(i).get();
System.out.printf("any response [%s][%s] %s: %s%n", i,
response3.connectionLabel(),
response3.request().getOption(H3_DISCOVERY),
response3);
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response3.version());
checkStatus(200, response3.statusCode());
assertNotEquals(h2resp2.connectionLabel().get(), response3.connectionLabel().get());
var label = response3.connectionLabel().orElse("");
assertTrue(expectedLabels.contains(label), "Unexpected label: %s not in %s"
.formatted(label, expectedLabels));
}
} else {
System.out.println("WARNING: Couldn't create HTTP/3 server on same port! Can't test all...");
// Get, get the alt service
HttpRequest request2 = req2Builder.copy().build();
// first request with ALT_SVC is to get alt service, should be H2
HttpResponse<String> h2resp2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_2, h2resp2.version());
checkStatus(200, h2resp2.statusCode());
// second request should have ALT_SVC and create new connection with H3
// it should not reuse the non-advertised connection
HttpResponse<String> response2 = client.send(request2, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response2.version());
checkStatus(200, response2.statusCode());
assertNotEquals(h2resp2.connectionLabel().get(), response2.connectionLabel().get());
// third request with ALT_SVC should reuse the same advertised
// connection (from response2), regardless of same origin...
HttpRequest request3 = req2Builder.copy().build();
HttpResponse<String> response3 = client.send(request3, BodyHandlers.ofString());
assertEquals(HTTP_3, response3.version());
checkStatus(200, response3.statusCode());
assertEquals(response3.connectionLabel().get(), response2.connectionLabel().get());
}
} finally {
http3OnlyServer.stop();
https2AltSvcServer.stop();
}
}
static HttpClient getClient() {
if (client == null) {
client = HttpServerAdapters.createClientBuilderForH3()
.sslContext(sslContext)
.version(HTTP_3)
.build();
}
return client;
}
static void checkStatus(int expected, int found) throws Exception {
if (expected != found) {
System.err.printf("Test failed: wrong status code %d/%d\n",
expected, found);
throw new RuntimeException("Test failed");
}
}
}