import java.util.*;

/**
 * CWE-407 unit test for PostgreSQL pg_inherits.c defect.
 *
 * postgres-0001: src/backend/catalog/pg_inherits.c typeInheritsFrom()
 *   BFS over pg_inherits using List *visited + list_member_oid() — O(V) per node,
 *   O(V²) total for a deep/wide hierarchy.
 *   Fix: replace List *visited with HTAB *visited_set (same pattern as
 *   find_all_inheritors in the same file) for O(1) per-node visited check.
 */
public class PostgresTest {

    // Simulate defect: List visited + linear scan
    static boolean typeInheritsFrom_list(int[][] parentEdges, int subclass, int superclass) {
        // parentEdges[i] = {child_oid, parent_oid}
        // BFS from subclass upward; visited is a list (O(V) scan per entry)
        List<Integer> queue = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Integer> visited = new ArrayList<>();
        queue.add(subclass);

        int head = 0;
        while (head < queue.size()) {
            int current = queue.get(head++);
            boolean alreadySeen = false;
            for (int v : visited) {       // O(V) — defect
                if (v == current) { alreadySeen = true; break; }
            }
            if (alreadySeen) continue;
            visited.add(current);

            for (int[] edge : parentEdges) {
                if (edge[0] == current) {
                    int parent = edge[1];
                    if (parent == superclass) return true;
                    queue.add(parent);
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    // Simulate fix: HashSet visited
    static boolean typeInheritsFrom_htab(int[][] parentEdges, int subclass, int superclass) {
        List<Integer> queue = new ArrayList<>();
        Set<Integer> visited = new HashSet<>();   // O(1) lookup
        queue.add(subclass);

        int head = 0;
        while (head < queue.size()) {
            int current = queue.get(head++);
            if (!visited.add(current)) continue;  // O(1)

            for (int[] edge : parentEdges) {
                if (edge[0] == current) {
                    int parent = edge[1];
                    if (parent == superclass) return true;
                    queue.add(parent);
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    static void testPostgres0001() throws Exception {
        // Build a diamond-inheritance graph: V types in a chain with cross-links
        // Use the negative case (not found) — forces full BFS traversal of all V nodes,
        // maximising the visited-list size reached during each member check.
        int V = 800;
        // All-to-all fan-out: node i has edges to i+1..i+10 (wide BFS tree)
        List<int[]> edges = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
            for (int k = 1; k <= 10 && i + k < V; k++) {
                edges.add(new int[]{i, i + k});
            }
        }
        int[][] parentEdges = edges.toArray(new int[0][]);

        int subclass = 0;
        int superclass = V - 1;  // reachable (positive case)
        int missing = 999999;    // not reachable (negative case — full traversal)

        // correctness
        boolean r1 = typeInheritsFrom_list(parentEdges, subclass, superclass);
        boolean r2 = typeInheritsFrom_htab(parentEdges, subclass, superclass);
        assert r1 == r2 : "list and htab must agree (positive): " + r1 + " vs " + r2;

        boolean n1 = typeInheritsFrom_list(parentEdges, subclass, missing);
        boolean n2 = typeInheritsFrom_htab(parentEdges, subclass, missing);
        assert n1 == n2 && !n1 : "negative case must agree";

        // performance on negative case: forces complete traversal, visited grows to V
        int REPS = 100;
        long t0 = System.nanoTime();
        for (int r = 0; r < REPS; r++) typeInheritsFrom_list(parentEdges, subclass, missing);
        long tList = System.nanoTime() - t0;

        t0 = System.nanoTime();
        for (int r = 0; r < REPS; r++) typeInheritsFrom_htab(parentEdges, subclass, missing);
        long tHash = System.nanoTime() - t0;

        double ratio = (double) tList / tHash;
        System.out.printf("postgres-0001: list=%.3fs htab=%.3fs ratio=%.1f×%n",
                tList / 1e9, tHash / 1e9, ratio);
        assert ratio > 1.2 : "Expected >1.2× speedup, got " + ratio;
        System.out.println("PASS postgres-0001");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        testPostgres0001();
        System.out.println("ALL PASS");
    }
}