package support;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * MOAD-0007: CWE-407 — A Flatland Defect.
 *
 * Defect: spatial data with inherent geometric structure queried by O(N) linear
 * scan.  Every spatial query — raycasting, collision detection, nearest-neighbor
 * — visits all N objects, ignoring the structure that could prune to O(log N).
 *
 * Confirmed instances: three.js (flat mesh array), OGRE3D, Panda3D, unsandbox.
 * Each object added to the scene makes every subsequent query more expensive.
 *
 * Fix: organize objects into a spatial index (1D sorted array shown here; BVH
 * or k-d tree in production).  Queries skip entire subtrees via binary search.
 *
 * This specimen models a 1-D spatial query: N objects occupy positions along an
 * axis; a query asks for all objects within a range [lo, hi].  The defective
 * implementation visits all N objects; the fixed implementation binary-searches
 * to the first object in range and scans only the matching interval.
 *
 * Scanner detects: for-each / for-i loop over a list of spatial objects inside
 * a query/intersect/raycast/collision method, with no early-exit or index prune.
 */
public class Moad0007Algorithm {

    /** A spatial object with a 1-D position (x-axis). */
    public static final class SpatialObject {
        public final String id;
        public final double position;

        public SpatialObject(String id, double position) {
            this.id       = id;
            this.position = position;
        }

        @Override public String toString() {
            return id + "@" + position;
        }
    }

    /** Result of a spatial range query: matching objects and probe count. */
    public static final class Result {
        public final List<SpatialObject> hits;
        public final int                 probeCount;

        public Result(List<SpatialObject> hits, int probeCount) {
            this.hits       = hits;
            this.probeCount = probeCount;
        }
    }

    // ── Defective: linear scan O(N) ───────────────────────────────────────────

    /**
     * Range query using a flat list: visits every object regardless of position.
     * DEFECT: probeCount == N for all queries, even when zero objects match.
     *
     * @param objects unsorted flat list of spatial objects
     * @param lo      range lower bound (inclusive)
     * @param hi      range upper bound (inclusive)
     */
    public static Result queryDefective(List<SpatialObject> objects, double lo, double hi) {
        List<SpatialObject> hits = new ArrayList<>();
        int probes = 0;
        for (SpatialObject obj : objects) { // DEFECT: visit all N
            probes++;
            if (obj.position >= lo && obj.position <= hi) {
                hits.add(obj);
            }
        }
        return new Result(hits, probes);
    }

    // ── Fixed: binary search O(log N + k) ────────────────────────────────────

    /**
     * Builds a sorted spatial index from a flat list.
     * Call once per scene; query many times.
     *
     * @param objects objects in any order
     * @return new array sorted by position ascending
     */
    public static SpatialObject[] buildIndex(List<SpatialObject> objects) {
        SpatialObject[] arr = objects.toArray(new SpatialObject[0]);
        Arrays.sort(arr, (a, b) -> Double.compare(a.position, b.position));
        return arr;
    }

    /**
     * Range query using sorted index: binary-searches to first object in [lo, hi],
     * then scans forward until position exceeds hi.
     *
     * FIX: probeCount == O(log N + k) where k is the number of hits.
     * For a query that returns zero hits, probeCount is at most O(log N).
     *
     * @param index  sorted array produced by buildIndex()
     * @param lo     range lower bound (inclusive)
     * @param hi     range upper bound (inclusive)
     */
    public static Result queryFixed(SpatialObject[] index, double lo, double hi) {
        List<SpatialObject> hits = new ArrayList<>();
        int probes = 0;

        // Binary search for first position >= lo
        int left = 0, right = index.length;
        while (left < right) {
            probes++;
            int mid = (left + right) >>> 1;
            if (index[mid].position < lo) {
                left = mid + 1;
            } else {
                right = mid;
            }
        }

        // Linear scan from 'left' until position > hi
        for (int i = left; i < index.length; i++) {
            probes++;
            if (index[i].position > hi) break; // FIX: early exit — skip tail
            hits.add(index[i]);
        }

        return new Result(hits, probes);
    }

    /** Build a list of N objects uniformly spaced in [0, maxPos]. */
    public static List<SpatialObject> buildScene(int n, double maxPos) {
        List<SpatialObject> objects = new ArrayList<>(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            double pos = (n == 1) ? 0 : maxPos * i / (n - 1);
            objects.add(new SpatialObject("obj-" + i, pos));
        }
        return objects;
    }
}