# UNDF: UNDF-2026-000000090
--- a/public/app/features/variables/state/actions.ts
+++ b/public/app/features/variables/state/actions.ts
@@ -658,19 +658,19 @@ export interface OnTimeRangeUpdatedDependencies {

 const dfs = (
   node: Node,
-  visited: string[],
+  visited: Set<string>,
   variables: TypedVariableModel[],
   variablesRefreshTimeRange: TypedVariableModel[]
 ) => {
-  if (!visited.includes(node.name)) {
-    visited.push(node.name);
+  if (!visited.has(node.name)) {
+    visited.add(node.name);
   }
   node.outputEdges.forEach((e) => {
     const child = e.outputNode;
-    if (child && !visited.includes(child.name)) {
+    if (child && !visited.has(child.name)) {
       const childVariable = variables.find((v) => v.name === child.name) as QueryVariableModel;
       if (
         childVariable &&
         childVariable.refresh === VariableRefresh.onTimeRangeChanged &&
         variablesRefreshTimeRange.indexOf(childVariable) === -1
       ) {
         variablesRefreshTimeRange.push(childVariable);
-        visited.push(child.name);
+        visited.add(child.name);
       } else {
         dfs(child, visited, variables, variablesRefreshTimeRange);
       }
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ export const getVariablesThatNeedRefreshNew = (key: string, state: StoreState):
   const g = createGraph(allVariables);
   // create a list of nodes that were visited
-  const visitedDfs: string[] = [];
+  const visitedDfs = new Set<string>();
   const variablesRefreshTimeRange: TypedVariableModel[] = [];
   allVariables.forEach((v) => {
     const node = g.getNode(v.name);
-    if (visitedDfs.includes(v.name)) {
+    if (visitedDfs.has(v.name)) {
       return;
     }