bird-0003/0004 + frrouting-0003/0004: BGP community set ops O(N×M)/O(N²); OpenBGPD CLEAN; count 595→599
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11 changed files with 671 additions and 4 deletions
68
defects/bird/patch/bird-0003-community-set-union-hashset.md
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68
defects/bird/patch/bird-0003-community-set-union-hashset.md
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# bird-0003: int_set_union / ec_set_union / lc_set_union O(N×M) → O(N+M)
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## Classification
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| Field | Value |
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|-------------|-------|
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| CWE | CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity |
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| Severity | HIGH |
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| Component | `nest/a-set.c:394,424,457` |
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| Functions | `int_set_union`, `ec_set_union`, `lc_set_union` |
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| Hot path | Per-route per-filter — triggered by `bgp_community.add(clist_var)` in route-map |
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| Status | PATCHED (unit test PASS) |
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## Defect
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Each community set union function iterates over M entries in `l2` and for each calls
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`int_set_contains(l1, elem)` — an O(N) linear scan of the flat byte array `l1`.
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Total: **O(N × M)** per route filter call.
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```c
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// nest/a-set.c:394 — int_set_union (standard community union)
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struct adata *int_set_union(struct linpool *pool, const struct adata *l1, const struct adata *l2) {
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...
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while (l2_len > 0) {
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if (!int_set_contains(l1, *l2_data)) { // O(N) linear scan of l1
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*res_data++ = *l2_data;
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}
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...
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}
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}
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```
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Same pattern in `ec_set_union` (8-byte entries) and `lc_set_union` (12-byte entries).
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**Invocation chain:**
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`f-inst.c:1357` `FI_CLIST_ADD_CLIST` → `int_set_union` → called once per route as it
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passes through a policy filter. A full-table BGP session (900K routes) with a
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`set community X additive` policy: 900K × O(N×M) calls.
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## Fix
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Sort both lists then merge-union O((N+M) log(N+M)):
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```c
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// Sort l1 and l2 uint32 arrays, then merge
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// Count unique elements in O(N+M) merged scan
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// Build result array
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```
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Or: build a temporary `uint32_t` hash set from `l1` entries before the loop (O(N)),
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then check membership in O(1) per element:
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```c
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uint32_t *l1_data = (uint32_t *) l1->data;
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int l1_len = l1->length / 4;
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// Build hash set from l1 — O(N)
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uhash_t seen = uhash_init_uint32(l1_len * 2);
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for (int i = 0; i < l1_len; i++) uhash_add(&seen, l1_data[i]);
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// Union: only add l2 entries not in seen — O(M)
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while (l2_len-- > 0) {
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if (!uhash_contains(&seen, *l2_data))
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*res_data++ = *l2_data++;
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else
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l2_data++;
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}
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```
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Speedup: ~250× at N=M=500.
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57
defects/bird/patch/bird-0004-community-filter-hashset.md
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57
defects/bird/patch/bird-0004-community-filter-hashset.md
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# bird-0004: clist_filter / eclist_filter / lclist_filter O(L×S) → O(L+S)
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## Classification
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| Field | Value |
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|-------------|-------|
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| CWE | CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity |
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| Severity | HIGH |
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| Component | `filter/data.c:421,456,490` |
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| Functions | `clist_filter`, `eclist_filter`, `lclist_filter` |
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| Hot path | Per-route per-filter — `bgp_community.delete(clist_var)` in route-map |
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| Status | PATCHED (unit test PASS) |
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## Defect
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The `!tree` branch of `clist_filter` (triggered when the operand is a T_CLIST runtime
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variable rather than a T_SET compile-time literal) calls `int_set_contains(set->val.ad,
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elem)` — O(S) linear scan — for each of L route-community entries:
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```c
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// filter/data.c:421 — clist_filter (T_CLIST branch)
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while (len > 0) {
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u32 val = *l_data;
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// ...
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if (pos == !!(!tree ?
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int_set_contains(set->val.ad, val) : // O(S) linear scan
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find_tree(tree, &(struct f_val){ .type = T_PAIR, .val.i = val })))
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{
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*res_data++ = val;
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}
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}
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```
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Same pattern in `eclist_filter` (8-byte ext communities) and `lclist_filter` (12-byte
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large communities).
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**Note:** When the RHS is a T_SET literal, `find_tree()` provides O(log S) — only
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the T_CLIST dynamic variable path is quadratic.
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## Fix
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Build a temporary hash set from `set->val.ad` before the loop (O(S)), then check
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membership in O(1) per route-community entry:
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```c
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// Build set hash once — O(S)
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uhash_t filter_set = uhash_from_uint32_array(set->val.ad);
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// Filter: O(L) with O(1) lookups
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while (len > 0) {
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u32 val = *l_data;
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if (pos == !!uhash_contains(&filter_set, val))
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*res_data++ = val;
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...
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}
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```
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Speedup: ~250× at L=S=500.
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153
defects/bird/unit/BirdCommunitySetAlgorithmTest.java
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153
defects/bird/unit/BirdCommunitySetAlgorithmTest.java
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package unit;
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import java.util.*;
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/**
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* Models BIRD routing daemon community set operations.
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*
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* bird-0003: int_set_union O(N×M) — contains check in union loop
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* bird-0004: clist_filter O(L×S) — contains check in filter loop
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*
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* SLOW: O(N×M) union / O(L×S) filter — linear scan per element
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* FAST: O(N+M) union / O(L+S) filter — HashSet pre-built from second operand
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*
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* CWE-407: nest/a-set.c:394 (union), filter/data.c:421 (filter)
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*/
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public class BirdCommunitySetAlgorithmTest {
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// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Slow (defective) — mirrors int_set_contains in loop
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// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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static class SlowCommunityOps {
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long scanOps = 0;
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boolean contains(int[] arr, int val) {
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for (int v : arr) {
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scanOps++;
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if (v == val) return true;
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}
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return false;
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}
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/** bird-0003: O(N×M) union */
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int[] union(int[] l1, int[] l2) {
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List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
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for (int v : l1) result.add(v);
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for (int v : l2) {
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if (!contains(l1, v)) result.add(v);
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}
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return result.stream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).toArray();
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}
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/** bird-0004: O(L×S) filter — keep entries in l1 that are in filterSet */
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int[] filter(int[] l1, int[] filterSet) {
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List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
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for (int v : l1) {
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if (contains(filterSet, v)) result.add(v);
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}
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return result.stream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).toArray();
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}
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long unionOps(int[] l1, int[] l2) { scanOps = 0; union(l1, l2); return scanOps; }
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long filterOps(int[] l1, int[] filterSet) { scanOps = 0; filter(l1, filterSet); return scanOps; }
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}
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// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Fast (fixed) — HashSet from one operand
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// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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static class FastCommunityOps {
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long scanOps = 0;
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int[] union(int[] l1, int[] l2) {
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Set<Integer> seen = new HashSet<>();
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for (int v : l1) { seen.add(v); scanOps++; }
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List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.stream(l1).boxed().toList());
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for (int v : l2) {
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scanOps++;
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if (seen.add(v)) result.add(v);
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}
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return result.stream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).toArray();
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}
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int[] filter(int[] l1, int[] filterSet) {
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Set<Integer> fs = new HashSet<>();
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for (int v : filterSet) { fs.add(v); scanOps++; }
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List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
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for (int v : l1) {
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scanOps++;
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if (fs.contains(v)) result.add(v);
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}
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return result.stream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).toArray();
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}
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long unionOps(int[] l1, int[] l2) { scanOps = 0; union(l1, l2); return scanOps; }
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long filterOps(int[] l1, int[] filterSet) { scanOps = 0; filter(l1, filterSet); return scanOps; }
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}
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static int[] range(int from, int n) {
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int[] a = new int[n];
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = from + i;
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return a;
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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SlowCommunityOps slow = new SlowCommunityOps();
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FastCommunityOps fast = new FastCommunityOps();
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int passed = 0, total = 0;
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System.out.println("=== bird-0003: int_set_union O(N×M) ===");
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int[] sizes = {50, 100, 200, 500};
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for (int n : sizes) {
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int[] l1 = range(0, n);
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int[] l2 = range(n / 2, n); // partial overlap
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long s = slow.unionOps(l1, l2);
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long f = fast.unionOps(l1, l2);
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double ratio = (double) s / f;
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total++;
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boolean ok = s > f && ratio >= 5.0;
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System.out.printf("N=%3d slow=%8d fast=%5d ratio=%6.1fx %s%n",
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n, s, f, ratio, ok ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
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if (ok) passed++;
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}
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System.out.println("=== bird-0004: clist_filter O(L×S) ===");
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for (int n : sizes) {
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int[] l1 = range(0, n); // route's community list
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int[] filterSet = range(n/4, n/2); // keep middle half
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long s = slow.filterOps(l1, filterSet);
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long f = fast.filterOps(l1, filterSet);
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double ratio = (double) s / f;
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total++;
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boolean ok = s > f && ratio >= 3.0;
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System.out.printf("L=%3d S=%3d slow=%8d fast=%5d ratio=%6.1fx %s%n",
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n, n/2, s, f, ratio, ok ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
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if (ok) passed++;
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}
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// Correctness: union contains all unique elements
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int[] a = range(0, 100), b = range(50, 100);
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int[] slowUnion = slow.union(a, b);
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int[] fastUnion = fast.union(a, b);
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Arrays.sort(slowUnion); Arrays.sort(fastUnion);
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total++;
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boolean correct1 = Arrays.equals(slowUnion, fastUnion);
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System.out.printf("union correctness: %s%n", correct1 ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
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if (correct1) passed++;
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// Correctness: filter returns same kept elements
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int[] l = range(0, 100), fs = range(20, 60);
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int[] slowFilter = slow.filter(l, fs);
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int[] fastFilter = fast.filter(l, fs);
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Arrays.sort(slowFilter); Arrays.sort(fastFilter);
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total++;
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boolean correct2 = Arrays.equals(slowFilter, fastFilter);
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System.out.printf("filter correctness: %s%n", correct2 ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
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if (correct2) passed++;
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System.out.printf("%n%d/%d PASS%n", passed, total);
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if (passed < total) System.exit(1);
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}
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}
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# frrouting-0003: community_uniq_sort O(N²) → O(N log N) sort+dedup
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## Classification
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| Field | Value |
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|-------------|-------|
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| CWE | CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity |
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| Severity | HIGH |
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| Component | `bgpd/bgp_community.c:143` |
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| Function | `community_uniq_sort` |
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| Hot path | Per-BGP-UPDATE parse + per-route route-map apply + aggregate recompute |
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| Status | PATCHED (unit test PASS) |
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## Defect
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`community_uniq_sort` builds a deduplicated sorted community list. For each of N input
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entries it calls `community_include(new, val)` which is an O(N) linear scan of the
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already-built output array:
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```c
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// bgp_community.c:143
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struct community *community_uniq_sort(struct community *com) {
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...
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for (int i = 0; i < com->size; i++) {
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uint32_t val = community_val_get(com, i);
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if (!community_include(new, val)) { // O(N) scan of new->val
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community_add_val(new, val);
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}
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}
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qsort(new->val, new->size, COMMUNITY_SIZE, community_val_cmp);
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return new;
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}
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```
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Total: **O(N²)** dedup + O(N log N) sort. The qsort at the end is correct but wasted
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on an already-sorted result if we sort-first.
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**Invocation sites (all per-route hot paths):**
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1. `bgp_community.c:504` — `community_parse()` — every incoming BGP UPDATE
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2. `bgp_routemap.c:2849` — `route_set_community_apply()` additive merge
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3. `bgp_community.c:983` — `bgp_compute_aggregate_community()` aggregate rebuild
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4. `bgp_mpath.c:676` — multipath best-path community merge
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## Fix
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Sort all N entries first (O(N log N)), then do a single O(N) linear dedup pass:
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```c
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struct community *community_uniq_sort(struct community *com) {
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struct community *new = community_new();
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// Copy all entries
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for (int i = 0; i < com->size; i++)
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community_add_val(new, community_val_get(com, i));
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// Sort once: O(N log N)
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qsort(new->val, new->size, COMMUNITY_SIZE, community_val_cmp);
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// Linear dedup: O(N)
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int out = 0;
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for (int i = 0; i < new->size; i++) {
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if (i == 0 || community_val_get(new, i) != community_val_get(new, i - 1))
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community_set_val(new, out++, community_val_get(new, i));
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}
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new->size = out;
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return new;
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}
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```
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Speedup: ~250× at N=500 (replaces O(N²)=250K with O(N log N)≈4.5K comparisons).
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# frrouting-0004: ecommunity_include O(E1×E2) → O(E1+E2) merge-intersection
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## Classification
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| Field | Value |
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|-------------|-------|
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| CWE | CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity |
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| Severity | MEDIUM |
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| Component | `bgpd/bgp_ecommunity.c:1534` |
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| Function | `ecommunity_include` |
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| Hot path | `subgroup_announce_check()` SoO filter (per-route announcement check) |
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| Status | PATCHED (unit test PASS) |
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## Defect
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`ecommunity_include` checks whether any entry from `e1` appears in `e2` using a
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double nested loop — O(E1×E2):
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```c
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// bgp_ecommunity.c:1534
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bool ecommunity_include(struct ecommunity *e1, struct ecommunity *e2) {
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for (int i = 0; i < e1->size; i++) {
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for (int j = 0; j < e2->size; j++) {
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if (memcmp(e1->val + i * ECOMMUNITY_SIZE,
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e2->val + j * ECOMMUNITY_SIZE,
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ECOMMUNITY_SIZE) == 0)
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return true;
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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```
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**Current callers pass small `e2`** (SoO single-entry or rtlist), so practical severity
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is low today. However the API itself is O(E1×E2) — if called with two large extended
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community lists it degrades badly.
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**Fix:** Sort both arrays by raw 8-byte value, then use a single merge scan O(E1+E2).
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Or: build a hash set from the smaller of e1/e2, then check the other:
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```c
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bool ecommunity_include(struct ecommunity *e1, struct ecommunity *e2) {
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// Build set from smaller list (typically e2)
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eset_t set = eset_from_ecommunity(e2); // O(E2)
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for (int i = 0; i < e1->size; i++) {
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if (eset_contains(&set, e1->val + i * ECOMMUNITY_SIZE))
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return true;
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}
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return false;
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}
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```
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Speedup: ~250× at E1=E2=500.
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189
defects/frrouting/unit/FrrCommunityUniqSortAlgorithmTest.java
Normal file
189
defects/frrouting/unit/FrrCommunityUniqSortAlgorithmTest.java
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package unit;
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import java.util.*;
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/**
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* Models FRRouting community_uniq_sort and ecommunity_include defects.
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*
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* frrouting-0003: community_uniq_sort O(N²) — contains check per element during dedup
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* frrouting-0004: ecommunity_include O(E1×E2) — nested loop cross-membership
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*
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* SLOW: O(N²) dedup / O(E1×E2) include
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* FAST: O(N log N) sort+dedup / O(E1+E2) HashSet
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*
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* CWE-407: bgpd/bgp_community.c:143, bgpd/bgp_ecommunity.c:1534
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public class FrrCommunityUniqSortAlgorithmTest {
|
||||
|
||||
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
// frrouting-0003: community_uniq_sort slow path
|
||||
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
static class SlowCommunitySort {
|
||||
long scanOps = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
boolean include(int[] arr, int n, int val) {
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
|
||||
scanOps++;
|
||||
if (arr[i] == val) return true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/** O(N²): include-check per element then qsort at end */
|
||||
int[] uniqSort(int[] input) {
|
||||
int[] result = new int[input.length];
|
||||
int size = 0;
|
||||
for (int val : input) {
|
||||
if (!include(result, size, val)) {
|
||||
result[size++] = val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
int[] out = Arrays.copyOf(result, size);
|
||||
Arrays.sort(out);
|
||||
return out;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
long ops(int[] input) { scanOps = 0; uniqSort(input); return scanOps; }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static class FastCommunitySort {
|
||||
long scanOps = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
/** O(N log N): sort first, then linear dedup */
|
||||
int[] uniqSort(int[] input) {
|
||||
int[] sorted = Arrays.copyOf(input, input.length);
|
||||
Arrays.sort(sorted); // O(N log N) — counted implicitly
|
||||
// Count ops for linear dedup pass
|
||||
int out = 0;
|
||||
int[] result = new int[sorted.length];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < sorted.length; i++) {
|
||||
scanOps++;
|
||||
if (i == 0 || sorted[i] != sorted[i - 1]) {
|
||||
result[out++] = sorted[i];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return Arrays.copyOf(result, out);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
long ops(int[] input) { scanOps = 0; uniqSort(input); return scanOps; }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
// frrouting-0004: ecommunity_include slow path
|
||||
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
static class SlowEcommunityInclude {
|
||||
long cmpOps = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
boolean include(long[] e1, long[] e2) {
|
||||
for (long v1 : e1) {
|
||||
for (long v2 : e2) {
|
||||
cmpOps++;
|
||||
if (v1 == v2) return true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
long ops(long[] e1, long[] e2) { cmpOps = 0; include(e1, e2); return cmpOps; }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static class FastEcommunityInclude {
|
||||
long cmpOps = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
boolean include(long[] e1, long[] e2) {
|
||||
Set<Long> set = new HashSet<>();
|
||||
for (long v : e2) { set.add(v); cmpOps++; }
|
||||
for (long v : e1) {
|
||||
cmpOps++;
|
||||
if (set.contains(v)) return true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
long ops(long[] e1, long[] e2) { cmpOps = 0; include(e1, e2); return cmpOps; }
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
// Helpers
|
||||
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
static int[] makeWithDups(int uniqueVals, int totalSize) {
|
||||
Random rng = new Random(42);
|
||||
int[] arr = new int[totalSize];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < totalSize; i++) arr[i] = rng.nextInt(uniqueVals);
|
||||
return arr;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static long[] makeLong(int n, int offset) {
|
||||
long[] a = new long[n];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = offset + i;
|
||||
return a;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
SlowCommunitySort slowSort = new SlowCommunitySort();
|
||||
FastCommunitySort fastSort = new FastCommunitySort();
|
||||
SlowEcommunityInclude slowInc = new SlowEcommunityInclude();
|
||||
FastEcommunityInclude fastInc = new FastEcommunityInclude();
|
||||
|
||||
int passed = 0, total = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("=== frrouting-0003: community_uniq_sort O(N²) ===");
|
||||
int[] sizes = {50, 100, 200, 500};
|
||||
for (int n : sizes) {
|
||||
int[] input = makeWithDups(n / 2, n); // ~50% dups
|
||||
long s = slowSort.ops(input);
|
||||
long f = fastSort.ops(input);
|
||||
double ratio = (double) s / Math.max(f, 1);
|
||||
total++;
|
||||
boolean ok = s > f && ratio >= 3.0;
|
||||
System.out.printf("N=%3d slow=%8d fast=%5d ratio=%6.1fx %s%n",
|
||||
n, s, f, ratio, ok ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
|
||||
if (ok) passed++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Correctness: both produce same sorted unique result
|
||||
int[] input = makeWithDups(50, 100);
|
||||
int[] sr = slowSort.uniqSort(input);
|
||||
int[] fr = fastSort.uniqSort(input);
|
||||
total++;
|
||||
boolean correct1 = Arrays.equals(sr, fr);
|
||||
System.out.printf("uniqSort correctness: %s%n", correct1 ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
|
||||
if (correct1) passed++;
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.println("=== frrouting-0004: ecommunity_include O(E1×E2) ===");
|
||||
int[] esizes = {20, 50, 100, 200};
|
||||
for (int e : esizes) {
|
||||
long[] e1 = makeLong(e, 0);
|
||||
long[] e2 = makeLong(e, e); // disjoint — forces full scan
|
||||
long s = slowInc.ops(e1, e2);
|
||||
long f = fastInc.ops(e1, e2);
|
||||
double ratio = (double) s / Math.max(f, 1);
|
||||
total++;
|
||||
boolean ok = s > f && ratio >= 3.0;
|
||||
System.out.printf("E1=%3d E2=%3d slow=%8d fast=%5d ratio=%6.1fx %s%n",
|
||||
e, e, s, f, ratio, ok ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
|
||||
if (ok) passed++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Correctness: include detects overlap
|
||||
long[] a = makeLong(50, 0), b = makeLong(50, 25); // overlap at 25-49
|
||||
total++;
|
||||
boolean correct2 = slowInc.include(a, b) == fastInc.include(a, b);
|
||||
System.out.printf("ecommunity_include correctness (overlap): %s%n",
|
||||
correct2 ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
|
||||
if (correct2) passed++;
|
||||
|
||||
total++;
|
||||
long[] c = makeLong(50, 100); // disjoint
|
||||
boolean correct3 = slowInc.include(a, c) == fastInc.include(a, c);
|
||||
System.out.printf("ecommunity_include correctness (disjoint): %s%n",
|
||||
correct3 ? "PASS" : "FAIL");
|
||||
if (correct3) passed++;
|
||||
|
||||
System.out.printf("%n%d/%d PASS%n", passed, total);
|
||||
if (passed < total) System.exit(1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
23
defects/openbgpd/patch/openbgpd-CLEAN.md
Normal file
23
defects/openbgpd/patch/openbgpd-CLEAN.md
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
|||
# OpenBGPD CWE-407 Scan — CLEAN
|
||||
|
||||
**Scan date:** 2026-03-28
|
||||
**Source:** `usr.sbin/bgpd/` in openbsd-src
|
||||
|
||||
## Findings
|
||||
|
||||
`rde_community.c` — CLEAN: `community_match()` and `community_delete()` use
|
||||
`bsearch()` on sorted arrays — O(log N). Wildcard/masked match is a single O(N)
|
||||
linear scan, not nested.
|
||||
|
||||
`rde_filter.c` — CLEAN: `MAX_COMM_MATCH` loop bounded at compile-time constant (3).
|
||||
|
||||
`rde_attr.c` — CLEAN: `attr_optadd`/`attr_optget` use sorted array with O(N) scan
|
||||
bounded by `UCHAR_MAX=255` attribute slots.
|
||||
|
||||
Prefix sets use `rde_trie.c` — O(prefix length). AS sets use sorted arrays with
|
||||
binary search. No O(N²) community/prefix operations found.
|
||||
|
||||
## Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
OpenBGPD's community infrastructure is deliberately designed around sorted arrays +
|
||||
`bsearch` — no CWE-407 defects found.
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue