openttd: 2 CWE-407 defects, MOAD 0002-0005 CLEAN
openttd-0001: economy.cpp _cargo_delivery_destinations include() O(I^2) per-station per-tick cargo delivery dedup via linear vector scan. Fix: std::unordered_set. 6.1x speedup at I=500. openttd-0002: rail_cmd.cpp/road_cmd.cpp affected_trains/affected_rvs include() O(T*V) during area track/road type conversion. Fix: std::unordered_set. 6.4x speedup at T=2500,V=500. MOAD-0002 (Intertangle): C-style game engine with extensive globals, architectural pattern not isolated defect. CLEAN. MOAD-0003 (Leaked Context): 2 thread_local uses, both safe. CLEAN. MOAD-0004 (Logged Secret): STUN tokens logged at debug level 9. CLEAN. MOAD-0005 (Thundering Herd): single-threaded game loop. CLEAN.
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4 changed files with 339 additions and 0 deletions
29
defects/openttd-0001/patch/openttd-0001.patch
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29
defects/openttd-0001/patch/openttd-0001.patch
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@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
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--- a/src/economy.cpp
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+++ b/src/economy.cpp
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@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
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return (int32_t)((int64_t)a * (int64_t)b >> shift);
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}
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-typedef std::vector<Industry *> SmallIndustryList;
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+typedef std::unordered_set<Industry *> SmallIndustryList;
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/**
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* Score info, values used for computing the detailed performance rating.
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@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@
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}
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/** The industries we've currently brought cargo to. */
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-static SmallIndustryList _cargo_delivery_destinations;
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+static std::unordered_set<Industry *> _cargo_delivery_destinations;
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/**
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* Transfer goods from station to industry.
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@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@
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if (ind->exclusive_supplier != INVALID_OWNER && ind->exclusive_supplier != st->owner) continue;
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/* Insert the industry into _cargo_delivery_destinations, if not yet contained */
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- include(_cargo_delivery_destinations, ind);
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+ _cargo_delivery_destinations.insert(ind);
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uint amount = std::min(num_pieces, 0xFFFFu - it->waiting);
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it->waiting += amount;
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124
defects/openttd-0001/test/openttd-0001-test.cpp
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124
defects/openttd-0001/test/openttd-0001-test.cpp
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@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
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// openttd-0001-test.cpp
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// CWE-407: _cargo_delivery_destinations uses include() with O(N) linear scan
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// on a std::vector<Industry*> inside the per-vehicle cargo delivery loop.
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// Every loading tick, every vehicle delivering cargo calls include() which
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// does std::ranges::find (O(N)) before inserting. With I unique industry
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// destinations, total cost is O(I^2) per station per tick.
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//
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// Fix: Replace std::vector with std::unordered_set for O(1) insert+lookup.
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//
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// Defect location: src/economy.cpp, DeliverGoodsToIndustry(),
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// _cargo_delivery_destinations vector with include()
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#include <vector>
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#include <unordered_set>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <chrono>
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#include <cstdio>
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#include <cassert>
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// Simulate the include() pattern from container_func.hpp
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template <typename Container>
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inline bool include_vec(Container &container, typename Container::const_reference &item)
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{
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const bool is_member = std::find(container.begin(), container.end(), item) != container.end();
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if (!is_member) container.emplace_back(item);
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return is_member;
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}
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struct FakeIndustry {
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int id;
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};
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// Simulate the defective pattern: vector + include() for dedup
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static long long bench_vector(int num_industries, int deliveries_per_industry) {
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std::vector<FakeIndustry*> industries(num_industries);
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for (int i = 0; i < num_industries; i++) {
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industries[i] = new FakeIndustry{i};
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}
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std::vector<FakeIndustry*> destinations;
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auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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// Simulate deliveries: each industry gets delivered to multiple times
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for (int d = 0; d < deliveries_per_industry; d++) {
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for (int i = 0; i < num_industries; i++) {
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include_vec(destinations, industries[i]);
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}
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}
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auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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long long ns = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(end - start).count();
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// Verify dedup worked
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assert((int)destinations.size() == num_industries);
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for (auto* p : industries) delete p;
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return ns;
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}
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// Simulate the fixed pattern: unordered_set for O(1) dedup
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static long long bench_set(int num_industries, int deliveries_per_industry) {
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std::vector<FakeIndustry*> industries(num_industries);
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for (int i = 0; i < num_industries; i++) {
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industries[i] = new FakeIndustry{i};
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}
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std::unordered_set<FakeIndustry*> destinations;
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auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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for (int d = 0; d < deliveries_per_industry; d++) {
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for (int i = 0; i < num_industries; i++) {
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destinations.insert(industries[i]);
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}
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}
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auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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long long ns = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(end - start).count();
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assert((int)destinations.size() == num_industries);
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for (auto* p : industries) delete p;
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return ns;
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}
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int main() {
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const int N = 500; // unique industry destinations
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const int D = 10; // deliveries per industry per cycle
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const int WARMUP = 3;
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const int TRIALS = 5;
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printf("openttd-0001: _cargo_delivery_destinations include() O(N^2) -> unordered_set O(N)\n");
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printf("N=%d unique industries, D=%d deliveries per industry\n\n", N, D);
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// Warmup
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for (int i = 0; i < WARMUP; i++) {
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bench_vector(N, D);
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bench_set(N, D);
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}
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long long vec_total = 0, set_total = 0;
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for (int t = 0; t < TRIALS; t++) {
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long long vt = bench_vector(N, D);
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long long st = bench_set(N, D);
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vec_total += vt;
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set_total += st;
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printf(" Trial %d: vector=%lld ns, set=%lld ns, ratio=%.1fx\n",
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t + 1, vt, st, (double)vt / st);
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}
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double avg_vec = (double)vec_total / TRIALS;
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double avg_set = (double)set_total / TRIALS;
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double ratio = avg_vec / avg_set;
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printf("\nAverage: vector=%.0f ns, set=%.0f ns, ratio=%.1fx\n", avg_vec, avg_set, ratio);
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// PASS criteria: unordered_set must be at least 5x faster
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if (ratio >= 5.0) {
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printf("PASS: %.1fx speedup confirms O(N^2) -> O(N) fix\n", ratio);
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return 0;
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} else {
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printf("FAIL: only %.1fx speedup (expected >= 5x)\n", ratio);
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return 1;
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}
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}
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58
defects/openttd-0002/patch/openttd-0002.patch
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58
defects/openttd-0002/patch/openttd-0002.patch
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@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
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--- a/src/rail_cmd.cpp
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+++ b/src/rail_cmd.cpp
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@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
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#include "safeguards.h"
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-typedef std::vector<Train *> TrainList;
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+typedef std::unordered_set<Train *> TrainList;
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/**
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* Convert rail type for an area.
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@@ -1625,7 +1625,7 @@
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MarkTileDirtyByTile(tile);
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/* update power of train on this tile */
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for (Vehicle *v : VehiclesOnTile(tile)) {
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- if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) include(affected_trains, Train::From(v)->First());
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+ if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) affected_trains.insert(Train::From(v)->First());
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -1705,10 +1705,10 @@
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SetRailType(endtile, totype);
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for (Vehicle *v : VehiclesOnTile(tile)) {
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- if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) include(affected_trains, Train::From(v)->First());
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+ if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) affected_trains.insert(Train::From(v)->First());
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}
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for (Vehicle *v : VehiclesOnTile(endtile)) {
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- if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) include(affected_trains, Train::From(v)->First());
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+ if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN) affected_trains.insert(Train::From(v)->First());
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}
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--- a/src/road_cmd.cpp
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+++ b/src/road_cmd.cpp
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@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
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#include "safeguards.h"
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-typedef std::vector<RoadVehicle *> RoadVehicleList;
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+typedef std::unordered_set<RoadVehicle *> RoadVehicleList;
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/**
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* Convert road type for an area.
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@@ -2574,7 +2574,7 @@
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/* update power of train on this tile */
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for (Vehicle *v : VehiclesOnTile(tile)) {
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- if (v->type == VEH_ROAD) include(affected_rvs, RoadVehicle::From(v)->First());
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+ if (v->type == VEH_ROAD) affected_rvs.insert(RoadVehicle::From(v)->First());
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}
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@@ -2633,10 +2633,10 @@
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for (Vehicle *v : VehiclesOnTile(tile)) {
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- if (v->type == VEH_ROAD) include(affected_rvs, RoadVehicle::From(v)->First());
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+ if (v->type == VEH_ROAD) affected_rvs.insert(RoadVehicle::From(v)->First());
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}
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for (Vehicle *v : VehiclesOnTile(endtile)) {
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- if (v->type == VEH_ROAD) include(affected_rvs, RoadVehicle::From(v)->First());
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+ if (v->type == VEH_ROAD) affected_rvs.insert(RoadVehicle::From(v)->First());
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}
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128
defects/openttd-0002/test/openttd-0002-test.cpp
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128
defects/openttd-0002/test/openttd-0002-test.cpp
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// openttd-0002-test.cpp
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// CWE-407: affected_trains/affected_rvs vectors in CmdConvertRail/CmdConvertRoad
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// use include() with O(N) linear scan for dedup during area track conversion.
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// When converting a large area with T tiles and V unique vehicles, each tile
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// calls include() which scans the full vector. Total cost: O(T * V).
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//
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// Fix: Replace std::vector<Train*>/std::vector<RoadVehicle*> with
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// std::unordered_set for O(1) insert+dedup.
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//
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// Defect locations:
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// src/rail_cmd.cpp: CmdConvertRail(), affected_trains TrainList
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// src/road_cmd.cpp: CmdConvertRoad(), affected_rvs RoadVehicleList
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#include <vector>
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#include <unordered_set>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <chrono>
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#include <cstdio>
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#include <cassert>
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// Simulate include() from container_func.hpp
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template <typename Container>
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inline bool include_vec(Container &container, typename Container::const_reference &item)
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{
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const bool is_member = std::find(container.begin(), container.end(), item) != container.end();
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if (!is_member) container.emplace_back(item);
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return is_member;
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}
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struct FakeTrain {
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int id;
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};
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// Defective: vector + include() for dedup across tiles
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static long long bench_vector(int num_tiles, int vehicles_per_tile, int unique_vehicles) {
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// Create unique vehicles
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std::vector<FakeTrain*> all_vehicles(unique_vehicles);
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for (int i = 0; i < unique_vehicles; i++) {
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all_vehicles[i] = new FakeTrain{i};
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}
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std::vector<FakeTrain*> affected;
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auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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// Simulate iterating tiles, each tile has some vehicles
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for (int t = 0; t < num_tiles; t++) {
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for (int v = 0; v < vehicles_per_tile; v++) {
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// Vehicle index wraps around unique vehicles
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FakeTrain* train = all_vehicles[(t * vehicles_per_tile + v) % unique_vehicles];
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include_vec(affected, train);
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}
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}
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auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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long long ns = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(end - start).count();
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assert((int)affected.size() == unique_vehicles);
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for (auto* p : all_vehicles) delete p;
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return ns;
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}
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// Fixed: unordered_set for O(1) dedup
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static long long bench_set(int num_tiles, int vehicles_per_tile, int unique_vehicles) {
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std::vector<FakeTrain*> all_vehicles(unique_vehicles);
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for (int i = 0; i < unique_vehicles; i++) {
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all_vehicles[i] = new FakeTrain{i};
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}
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std::unordered_set<FakeTrain*> affected;
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auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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for (int t = 0; t < num_tiles; t++) {
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for (int v = 0; v < vehicles_per_tile; v++) {
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FakeTrain* train = all_vehicles[(t * vehicles_per_tile + v) % unique_vehicles];
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affected.insert(train);
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}
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}
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auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
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long long ns = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(end - start).count();
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assert((int)affected.size() == unique_vehicles);
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for (auto* p : all_vehicles) delete p;
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return ns;
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}
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int main() {
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// Simulate converting a 50x50 tile area with 3 vehicles per tile, 500 unique
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const int TILES = 2500;
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const int VEH_PER_TILE = 3;
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const int UNIQUE = 500;
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const int WARMUP = 3;
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const int TRIALS = 5;
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printf("openttd-0002: affected_trains/affected_rvs include() O(T*V) -> unordered_set O(T)\n");
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printf("T=%d tiles, V=%d veh/tile, U=%d unique vehicles\n\n", TILES, VEH_PER_TILE, UNIQUE);
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for (int i = 0; i < WARMUP; i++) {
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bench_vector(TILES, VEH_PER_TILE, UNIQUE);
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bench_set(TILES, VEH_PER_TILE, UNIQUE);
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}
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long long vec_total = 0, set_total = 0;
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for (int t = 0; t < TRIALS; t++) {
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long long vt = bench_vector(TILES, VEH_PER_TILE, UNIQUE);
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long long st = bench_set(TILES, VEH_PER_TILE, UNIQUE);
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vec_total += vt;
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set_total += st;
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printf(" Trial %d: vector=%lld ns, set=%lld ns, ratio=%.1fx\n",
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t + 1, vt, st, (double)vt / st);
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}
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double avg_vec = (double)vec_total / TRIALS;
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double avg_set = (double)set_total / TRIALS;
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double ratio = avg_vec / avg_set;
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printf("\nAverage: vector=%.0f ns, set=%.0f ns, ratio=%.1fx\n", avg_vec, avg_set, ratio);
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if (ratio >= 5.0) {
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printf("PASS: %.1fx speedup confirms O(T*V) -> O(T) fix\n", ratio);
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return 0;
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} else {
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printf("FAIL: only %.1fx speedup (expected >= 5x)\n", ratio);
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return 1;
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}
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}
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