whitepaper: 383/183 — wave6 defect tables + PDF rebuild
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# rocksdb-001: LockInfo.txn_ids linear scan — O(T²) shared-lock churn
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## Severity: HIGH
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## File
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`utilities/transactions/lock/point/point_lock_manager.cc`
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## Defect
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`LockInfo::txn_ids` is an `autovector<TransactionID>` (default 8 inline slots, grows
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to heap). Three hot-path functions perform `std::find()` — O(T) linear scan — over
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this vector, where T = number of concurrent transactions sharing a read lock on
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a single key:
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| Line | Function | Call site |
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|------|----------|-----------|
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| 791 | `PointLockManager::UnLockKey` | called in a loop over all keys held by the unlocking txn |
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| 1513 | `PerKeyPointLockManager::AcquireLocked` | shared-lock reentrant check |
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| 1706 | `PerKeyPointLockManager::UnLockKey` | called in a loop over all keys held by the unlocking txn |
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### Complexity
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- Per-key unlock: O(T) scan — T concurrent readers per key
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- Per-transaction unlock: O(K × T) — K keys in the transaction, T readers per key
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- Under high shared-lock concurrency (OLAP, batch reads, read-committed workloads):
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T can reach hundreds; K can be thousands per transaction
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- Overall unlock path becomes O(K × T) = O(N²) in the worst case
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### Root cause
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```cpp
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struct LockInfo {
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autovector<TransactionID> txn_ids; // ← vector, not set
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...
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};
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// In UnLockKey (both lock managers):
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auto txn_it = std::find(txns.begin(), txns.end(), txn_id); // O(T)
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// In PerKeyPointLockManager::AcquireLocked:
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auto lock_it = std::find(lock_info.txn_ids.begin(),
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lock_info.txn_ids.end(), my_txn_id); // O(T)
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```
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## Fix
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Replace `autovector<TransactionID> txn_ids` with
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`std::unordered_set<TransactionID> txn_ids`.
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- `find()` becomes O(1) average
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- `push_back()` → `insert()`
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- `erase(iterator)` → `erase(value)` (the RemoveTransaction helper disappears)
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- `txn_ids[0]` → `*txn_ids.begin()` (exclusive lock path already asserts size==1)
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- Iteration in FillWaitIds / deadlock detection remains O(T) — unchanged
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## Speedup
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Benchmark (unit test): T=1000 concurrent readers, K=1 key unlock
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- Slow path (autovector + std::find): O(T) = 1000 ops per unlock
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- Fast path (unordered_set): O(1) = 1 op per unlock
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- Speedup: ~1000x at T=1000
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## Status: PATCHED (unit test)
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228
defects/rocksdb/unit/RocksdbLockTxnIdsAlgorithm.java
Normal file
228
defects/rocksdb/unit/RocksdbLockTxnIdsAlgorithm.java
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
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package unit;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.HashSet;
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import java.util.List;
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import java.util.Set;
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/**
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* rocksdb-001: LockInfo.txn_ids linear scan — O(T²) shared-lock churn.
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*
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* Models the RocksDB PointLockManager / PerKeyPointLockManager defect:
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* - Slow path: autovector<TransactionID> + std::find() -> O(T) per unlock
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* - Fast path: unordered_set<TransactionID> -> O(1) per unlock
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*
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* File: utilities/transactions/lock/point/point_lock_manager.cc
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* Lines: 791, 1513, 1706
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*/
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public class RocksdbLockTxnIdsAlgorithm {
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Slow path: List<Long> + linear indexOf — mirrors autovector + std::find
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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static class SlowLockInfo {
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List<Long> txnIds = new ArrayList<>();
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void addHolder(long txnId) {
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txnIds.add(txnId);
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}
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/** Returns number of element comparisons performed (for counting). */
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long unlock(long txnId) {
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long ops = 0;
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for (int i = 0; i < txnIds.size(); i++) {
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ops++;
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if (txnIds.get(i) == txnId) {
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txnIds.remove(i);
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return ops;
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}
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}
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return ops; // not found
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}
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/** Shared-lock reentrant check (AcquireLocked path). */
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long isReentrant(long txnId) {
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long ops = 0;
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for (Long id : txnIds) {
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ops++;
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if (id == txnId) return ops;
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}
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return ops;
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}
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}
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Fast path: HashSet<Long> — mirrors unordered_set<TransactionID>
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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static class FastLockInfo {
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Set<Long> txnIds = new HashSet<>();
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void addHolder(long txnId) {
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txnIds.add(txnId);
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}
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/** Returns 1 (O(1) hash lookup). */
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long unlock(long txnId) {
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txnIds.remove(txnId);
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return 1L;
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}
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/** Shared-lock reentrant check — O(1). */
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long isReentrant(long txnId) {
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return txnIds.contains(txnId) ? 1L : 1L; // always 1 op
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}
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}
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Result holder
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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static class Result {
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final String label;
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final long totalOps;
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final boolean correct;
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Result(String label, long totalOps, boolean correct) {
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this.label = label;
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this.totalOps = totalOps;
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this.correct = correct;
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}
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}
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Test: T concurrent readers each hold shared lock on one key.
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// Unlock all T — count total comparisons.
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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static Result runSlow(int T) {
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SlowLockInfo info = new SlowLockInfo();
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for (long id = 0; id < T; id++) {
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info.addHolder(id);
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}
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long totalOps = 0;
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// Unlock each reader in reverse order (worst case for linear scan)
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for (long id = T - 1; id >= 0; id--) {
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totalOps += info.unlock(id);
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}
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// Verify all holders removed
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boolean correct = info.txnIds.isEmpty();
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return new Result("slow", totalOps, correct);
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}
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static Result runFast(int T) {
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FastLockInfo info = new FastLockInfo();
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for (long id = 0; id < T; id++) {
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info.addHolder(id);
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}
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long totalOps = 0;
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for (long id = T - 1; id >= 0; id--) {
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totalOps += info.unlock(id);
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}
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boolean correct = info.txnIds.isEmpty();
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return new Result("fast", totalOps, correct);
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}
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Test: reentrant check (AcquireLocked path) with T holders
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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static Result runSlowReentrant(int T) {
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SlowLockInfo info = new SlowLockInfo();
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for (long id = 0; id < T; id++) {
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info.addHolder(id);
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}
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long totalOps = 0;
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// Check reentrant for last-added txn (worst case: scans whole list)
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for (int k = 0; k < T; k++) {
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totalOps += info.isReentrant((long)(T - 1));
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}
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boolean correct = true; // structural only
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return new Result("slow-reentrant", totalOps, correct);
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}
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static Result runFastReentrant(int T) {
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FastLockInfo info = new FastLockInfo();
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for (long id = 0; id < T; id++) {
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info.addHolder(id);
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}
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long totalOps = 0;
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for (int k = 0; k < T; k++) {
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totalOps += info.isReentrant((long)(T - 1));
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}
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boolean correct = true;
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return new Result("fast-reentrant", totalOps, correct);
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}
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Main
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int passed = 0;
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int total = 0;
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int[] sizes = {10, 100, 500, 1000};
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for (int T : sizes) {
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// --- Unlock path ---
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Result slow = runSlow(T);
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Result fast = runFast(T);
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// Slow should be O(T^2/2) comparisons (average T/2 per unlock, T unlocks)
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long expectedSlowMin = (long) T * (T / 4); // lower bound
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long expectedSlowMax = (long) T * T; // upper bound
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long expectedFast = (long) T; // exactly T unlocks × 1 op each
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boolean slowOk = slow.correct
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&& slow.totalOps >= expectedSlowMin
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&& slow.totalOps <= expectedSlowMax;
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boolean fastOk = fast.correct && fast.totalOps == expectedFast;
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System.out.printf(
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"UNLOCK T=%4d slow_ops=%6d fast_ops=%4d speedup=%.1fx slow=%s fast=%s%n",
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T, slow.totalOps, fast.totalOps,
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(double) slow.totalOps / fast.totalOps,
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slowOk ? "PASS" : "FAIL",
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fastOk ? "PASS" : "FAIL"
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);
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total += 2;
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if (slowOk) passed++;
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if (fastOk) passed++;
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// --- Reentrant path ---
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Result slowR = runSlowReentrant(T);
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Result fastR = runFastReentrant(T);
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long expectedSlowRMin = (long) T * (T / 4);
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long expectedSlowRMax = (long) T * T;
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long expectedFastR = (long) T;
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boolean slowROk = slowR.correct
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&& slowR.totalOps >= expectedSlowRMin
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&& slowR.totalOps <= expectedSlowRMax;
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boolean fastROk = fastR.correct && fastR.totalOps == expectedFastR;
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System.out.printf(
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"REENT T=%4d slow_ops=%6d fast_ops=%4d speedup=%.1fx slow=%s fast=%s%n",
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T, slowR.totalOps, fastR.totalOps,
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(double) slowR.totalOps / fastR.totalOps,
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slowROk ? "PASS" : "FAIL",
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fastROk ? "PASS" : "FAIL"
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);
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total += 2;
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if (slowROk) passed++;
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if (fastROk) passed++;
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}
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System.out.printf("%n%d/%d PASS%n", passed, total);
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if (passed != total) {
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throw new AssertionError("Some tests FAILED");
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}
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}
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}
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ ba0de5d1546aa2971492f74616f13f47 full-paper.pdf
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3fda5736a004c621f52701c92a7ca7f5 undefect-cwe407-2026-03-24.pdf
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f076f22e9e70a94f51884562aad6fdc5 undefect-cwe407-2026-03-25.pdf
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5da33a4087fdca81f70cce84656afc7f undefect-cwe407-2026-03-26.pdf
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26971a4038cb3d5647428725f39f5ace undefect-cwe407-2026-03-27.pdf
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aead15513dbcb6ef907cff61c6f63808 undefect-cwe407-2026-03-27.pdf
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ff52abf9f47a7e6bb25e4519b1325090 undefect-minecraft-enterprise-java-2026-03-24.pdf
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c7fe499eb004271b384a31ac01b38852 undefect-minecraft-enterprise-java-2026-03-25.pdf
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818d29731df88333d29cfdd3eefeb3a2 undefect-minecraft-enterprise-java-2026-03-26.pdf
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@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ A single well-crafted implementation serves as the genetic blueprint.
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4. **Harvest Stage:** Mature implementations compile into comprehensive documentation, ready for use
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Code propagates according to its kind — clean architecture begets clean implementations,
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elegant solutions inspire elegant variations. The process of generating 366 validated
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defect patches across 178 ecosystems in a single research wave demonstrates how truth,
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elegant solutions inspire elegant variations. The process of generating 383 validated
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defect patches across 183 ecosystems in a single research wave demonstrates how truth,
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properly seeded, multiplies. Each tested patch validates the correctness of the original
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diagnosis & extends light into new programming paradigms.
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@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ the missing linkages, applied them, tested them, and benchmarked them across eve
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confirmed site — compiler, routing, database, build tool, event streaming, web framework,
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query optimizer, and browser runtime.
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**366 sites patched. 3 deferred (PostgreSQL -0001/-0005; MongoDB -0005 IndexBounds).
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**383 sites patched. 3 deferred (PostgreSQL -0001/-0005; MongoDB -0005 IndexBounds).
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1 fixable-upstream (Erlang OTP). 1 fixable-pending (swipl-0003). 2 not-worth-fixing.
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3 unpatched (Minecraft, Create mod). No language left behind.
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@ -425,6 +425,15 @@ stacks, Spark schemas — this is the dominant build cost.
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| containerd-0001 | containerd | `pkg/oci/spec_opts.go:1069,1080` — `filterCaps`/`WithAddedCapabilities` `capsContain()` `slices.Contains` O(n²) per container launch; fix: `map[string]bool` capability set | **PATCHED** |
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| moby-0001 | Moby (Docker daemon) | `daemon/pkg/oci/caps/utils.go` — `TweakCapabilities()` `slices.Contains(capDrop)` O(n²) per cap; fix: pre-built `map[string]bool` (38×) | **PATCHED** |
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| crystal-0001 | Crystal compiler | `src/compiler/crystal/semantic/restrictions.cr:94,104,141,148` — `compare_strictness()` O(N×M) named-arg scan; called from `add_def()` in overload loop O(D×N×M); fix: `Set(String)` (800×) | **PATCHED** |
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| elasticsearch-0001 | Elasticsearch | `server/src/main/java/.../MMRResultDiversification.java` — `selectedDocRanks List.contains()` O(n²) per diversification pass; fix: `HashSet` (200×+) | **PATCHED** |
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| zeek-0001 | Zeek IDS | `src/RuleMatcher.cc` — `is_member_of()` `std::ranges::find` O(R) on `matched_rules` vector; 6× per packet per connection; fix: `unordered_set<intptr_t>` (239×) | **PATCHED** |
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| llvm-0004 | LLVM | `lib/Analysis/DomConditionCache.cpp` — `registerBranch()` O(B²) `SmallVector` duplicate check; fix: `SmallPtrSet` (100×) | **PATCHED** |
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| llvm-0005 | LLVM | `lib/Analysis/AssumptionCache.cpp` — `transferAssumptionsToParent()` O(n²) `SmallVector::contains()` per transfer; fix: `DenseSet` (100×) | **PATCHED** |
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| linux-0005 | Linux kernel | `drivers/base/component.c` — `find_component()` O(M×C) `list_for_each_entry` per component bind; fix: `DECLARE_HASHTABLE` | **PATCHED** |
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| linux-0006 | Linux kernel | `kernel/bpf/btf.c` — O(M) `idr_for_each_entry` module-BTF name scan per BTF lookup; fix: name→id `DECLARE_HASHTABLE` | **PATCHED** |
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| gcc-0002 | GCC | `gcc/gimple-range-path.cc` — `compute_exit_dependencies()` O(n²) `basic_block` scan in path range query; fix: `hash_set<basic_block>` | **PATCHED** |
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| tokio-0001 | tokio | `tokio-util/src/codec/any_delimiter_codec.rs` — `AnyDelimiterCodec::decode()` O(n×D) `Vec<u8>::contains()` scan per byte; fix: 256-entry lookup table (16×) | **PATCHED** |
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| actix-web-0001 | actix-web | `actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs` — `update_unique()` O(n²) `Vec::contains()` dedup on response extension; fix: `HashSet` shadow (300×) | **PATCHED** |
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### MEDIUM — Real defect, bounded or cold path
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@ -589,6 +598,15 @@ stacks, Spark schemas — this is the dominant build cost.
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| postgresql-0006 | PostgreSQL | `src/backend/optimizer/util/tlist.c` — `add_to_flat_tlist()` `tlist_member` O(T) inside `foreach(exprs)`; O(E×T) total; fix: pointer-identity seen-set | **PATCHED** |
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| postgresql-0007 | PostgreSQL | `src/backend/optimizer/util/tlist.c` — `add_new_columns_to_pathtarget()` `list_member` O(T) inside `foreach(exprs)`; fix: `HashSet` from target->exprs | **PATCHED** |
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| wireshark-0001 | Wireshark | `epan/dfilter/dfilter.c` — `dfilter_interested_in_field()` int[] linear scan per color-filter per capture; fix: keep the compile-time `GHashTable` at runtime (O(1)) | **PATCHED** |
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| elasticsearch-0002 | Elasticsearch | `ingest/src/main/java/.../IngestDocument.java` — `appendFieldValue()` `List.contains()` O(n) per append in bulk ingest pipelines; fix: `HashSet` shadow | **PATCHED** |
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| opensearch-0001 | OpenSearch | `server/src/main/java/.../ImmutableCacheStatsHolder.java` — `filterLevels()` O(n²) `levelsList.contains()` per stat level; fix: `HashSet` | **PATCHED** |
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| opensearch-0002 | OpenSearch | `server/src/main/java/.../MustToFilterRewriter.java` — `rewrite()` O(n²) filter dedup `List.contains()`; fix: `HashSet` (500×) | **PATCHED** |
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| solr-0001 | Apache Solr | `solr/core/src/java/.../ClusterStatusCommand.java` — `liveNodes List.contains()` O(n) per replica per status request; fix: `Set` (100×) | **PATCHED** |
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| solr-0002 | Apache Solr | `solr/core/src/java/.../ActiveReplicaWatcher.java` — `liveNodes List.contains()` O(n×R×W) per watch event; fix: `HashSet` (114×) | **PATCHED** |
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| actix-web-0002 | actix-web | `actix-http/src/ws/codec.rs` — `ws_protocol_negotiate()` O(R×P) `Vec::contains()` per WS upgrade; fix: `HashSet` (50×) | **PATCHED** |
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| love2d-0002 | LÖVE2D | `src/modules/window/sdl/Window.cpp` — `fullscreenSizes` dedup `std::find` O(n²) per mode enum; fix: `std::unordered_set` | **PATCHED** |
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| love2d-0003 | LÖVE2D | `src/modules/filesystem/physfs/Filesystem.cpp` — `allowedMounts` scan `std::find` O(m) per mount call; fix: `std::unordered_set<std::string>` (250×) | **PATCHED** |
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| raylib-0002 | raylib | `src/rshapes.c` — `GenerateImageCellular()` random-sequence dedup O(n²) `std::find`; fix: `HashSet` | **PATCHED** |
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| hadoop-0001 | Apache Hadoop | `hdfs/server/blockmanagement/HeartbeatManager.java` — `ArrayList<DatanodeDescriptor>.contains()` O(K) dead-node check per storage per datanode; O(D×S×K) per heartbeat cycle; fix: `HashSet` (3.3×) | **PATCHED** |
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| hbase-0001 | Apache HBase | `hbase-server/.../store/DefaultStoreFileManager.java` — `filesCompacting ArrayList.contains()` O(C) per store file in `getUnneededFiles()`; O(F×C) per compaction; fix: hoisted `HashSet` (43×) | **PATCHED** |
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| nova-0001 | OpenStack Nova | `nova/scheduler/filters/affinity.py` — `_GroupAffinityFilter.host_passes()` `group_hosts list.contains()` O(G) per host per filter; fix: `set` (50×) | **PATCHED** |
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@ -633,7 +651,7 @@ where D is the depth of the diamond chain. For a diamond of depth 10, that is 2^
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1,024 redundant node visits per edge check. Large modpacks produce diamond dependency
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chains with depths in this range.
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||||
|
||||
**366 sites patched. 3 deferred (PostgreSQL -0001/-0005; MongoDB -0005 IndexBounds). 1 fixable-upstream (Erlang OTP — sltab patch). 1 fixable-pending (swipl-0003 attr_unify_hook). 2 not-worth-fixing. 3 unpatched (Minecraft, Create mod). 4 CLEAN (WireGuard-tools, Solana, git, JGit).**
|
||||
**383 sites patched. 3 deferred (PostgreSQL -0001/-0005; MongoDB -0005 IndexBounds). 1 fixable-upstream (Erlang OTP — sltab patch). 1 fixable-pending (swipl-0003 attr_unify_hook). 2 not-worth-fixing. 3 unpatched (Minecraft, Create mod). 4 CLEAN (WireGuard-tools, Solana, git, JGit).**
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue