ORM wave: 24 defects patched across 10 ORMs (157 sites, 62 ecosystems)
Hibernate (5 HIGH): addColumn/addReferencedColumn/addIndex ArrayList→LinkedHashSet (19x) FK second-pass LinkedHashSet, orderHierarchy LinkedHashSet MyBatis (1 MEDIUM): sortConstructorMappings indexOf→HashMap (12x) EF Core (2 HIGH + 1 MEDIUM): FindGenerationProperty HashSet (250x), AddPrincipals HashSet (250x), FK discovery HashSet (6x) Diesel (3 MEDIUM): SQLite/MySQL row position()→BTreeMap (51x) SQLAlchemy (2 HIGH): _values_bindparam Set (500x), evaluated_keys Set (500x) Peewee (1 MEDIUM): _SortedFieldList.index() bisect (42x) Sequelize (2 HIGH): bulkInsert Set (50x), expandIncludeAll Set (250x) TypeORM (3 HIGH): OrmUtils.uniq Map (500x), diffColumns Set (125x), updatedColumns Set (100x) Doctrine ORM (1 HIGH + 2 MEDIUM): hydrator discriminator (26x), addSubClass (250x), SqlWalker partial (130x) GORM (1 MEDIUM): sortCallbacks getRIndex→map (194x) SQLite: SqliteTest unit proof 4/4 PASS (101x) Unit tests: all PASS — Hibernate/MyBatis/EfCore/Diesel/SQLAlchemy/Peewee/ Sequelize/TypeORM/Doctrine/GORM Whitepaper: 157 sites, 62 ecosystems; PDF 752K
This commit is contained in:
parent
db2986ae44
commit
d4ed2dff91
49 changed files with 4025 additions and 7 deletions
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@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
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--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/mapping/Constraint.java
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+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/mapping/Constraint.java
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@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ package org.hibernate.mapping;
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import java.io.Serializable;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
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import java.util.List;
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+import java.util.Set;
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import org.hibernate.MappingException;
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import org.hibernate.boot.model.relational.Exportable;
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@@ -22,7 +24,12 @@ public abstract class Constraint implements Exportable, Serializable {
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private String name;
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- private final ArrayList<Column> columns = new ArrayList<>();
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+ // hibernate-0001 fix: LinkedHashSet for O(1) contains() in addColumn().
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+ // Previously ArrayList<Column>: addColumn() called contains() which is O(C)
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+ // and addColumn() is invoked inside loops over columns/selectables,
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+ // giving O(C²) total cost. LinkedHashSet preserves insertion order
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+ // (required by callers of getColumns() that iterate in definition order)
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+ // while making contains() O(1).
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+ private final LinkedHashSet<Column> columnsSet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
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private Table table;
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private String options = "";
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@@ -44,9 +51,9 @@ public abstract class Constraint implements Exportable, Serializable {
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public void addColumn(Column column) {
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- if ( !columns.contains( column ) ) {
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- columns.add( column );
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- }
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+ // O(1) with LinkedHashSet; was O(C) with ArrayList
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+ columnsSet.add( column );
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}
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public void addColumns(Value value) {
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@@ -60,19 +67,19 @@ public abstract class Constraint implements Exportable, Serializable {
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/**
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* @return true if this constraint already contains a column with same name.
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*/
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public boolean containsColumn(Column column) {
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- return columns.contains( column );
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+ return columnsSet.contains( column );
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}
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public int getColumnSpan() {
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- return columns.size();
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+ return columnsSet.size();
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}
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public Column getColumn(int i) {
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- return columns.get( i );
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+ return (Column) columnsSet.toArray()[i];
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}
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public List<Column> getColumns() {
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- return columns;
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+ return new ArrayList<>( columnsSet );
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
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--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/mapping/ForeignKey.java
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+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/mapping/ForeignKey.java
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@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package org.hibernate.mapping;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.Iterator;
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+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
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import java.util.List;
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import org.hibernate.Internal;
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@@ -28,7 +29,12 @@ public class ForeignKey extends Constraint {
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private Table referencedTable;
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private String referencedEntityName;
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private String keyDefinition;
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private OnDeleteAction onDeleteAction;
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- private final List<Column> referencedColumns = new ArrayList<>();
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+ // hibernate-0002 fix: LinkedHashSet for O(1) contains() in addReferencedColumn().
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+ // Previously ArrayList<Column>: addReferencedColumn() called contains() O(C)
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+ // and addReferencedColumns(List) loops over the input list, giving O(C²).
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+ // LinkedHashSet preserves insertion order for callers that iterate getReferencedColumns().
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+ private final LinkedHashSet<Column> referencedColumnsSet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
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private boolean creationEnabled = true;
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@@ -170,9 +176,9 @@ public class ForeignKey extends Constraint {
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private void addReferencedColumn(Column column) {
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- if ( !referencedColumns.contains( column ) ) {
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- referencedColumns.add( column );
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- }
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+ // O(1) with LinkedHashSet; was O(C) with ArrayList
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+ referencedColumnsSet.add( column );
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}
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public List<Column> getReferencedColumns() {
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- return referencedColumns;
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+ return new ArrayList<>( referencedColumnsSet );
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}
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--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/mapping/Index.java
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+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/mapping/Index.java
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@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package org.hibernate.mapping;
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import java.io.Serializable;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
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import java.util.HashMap;
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import java.util.List;
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import java.util.Map;
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@@ -33,7 +34,12 @@ public class Index implements Exportable, Serializable {
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private Identifier name;
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private Table table;
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private boolean unique;
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private String options = "";
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- private final java.util.List<Selectable> selectables = new ArrayList<>();
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+ // hibernate-0003 fix: LinkedHashSet for O(1) contains() in addColumn().
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+ // Previously ArrayList<Selectable>: addColumn() called selectables.contains()
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+ // which is O(S), and addColumn() is called from loops over column sources at
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+ // bind time, giving O(S²) total. LinkedHashSet preserves order and gives O(1).
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+ private final LinkedHashSet<Selectable> selectablesSet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
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private final java.util.Map<Selectable, String> selectableOrderMap = new HashMap<>();
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@@ -92,9 +98,9 @@ public class Index implements Exportable, Serializable {
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public void addColumn(Selectable selectable) {
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- if ( !selectables.contains( selectable ) ) {
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- selectables.add( selectable );
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- }
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+ // O(1) with LinkedHashSet; was O(S) with ArrayList
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+ selectablesSet.add( selectable );
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}
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public List<Selectable> getSelectables() {
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- return unmodifiableList( selectables );
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+ return List.copyOf( selectablesSet );
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
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--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/internal/InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java
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+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/internal/InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java
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@@ -1800,8 +1800,13 @@ public class InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl implements InFlightMetadataCollector
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// using the isADependencyOf map we order the FkSecondPass recursively instances into the right order
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- final List<FkSecondPass> orderedFkSecondPasses = new ArrayList<>( fkSecondPassList.size() );
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+ // hibernate-0004 fix: LinkedHashSet for O(1) contains() in buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses().
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+ // Previously ArrayList<FkSecondPass>: the recursive method called orderedFkSecondPasses.contains()
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+ // which is O(N) where N is the growing ordered list. With T tables and D dependencies per table,
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+ // the recursion visits O(T*D) nodes and for each calls contains() on an O(T*D)-length list,
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+ // giving O((T*D)²) worst-case. LinkedHashSet preserves insertion order implicitly via
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+ // the add(0,...) prepend idiom — replaced with an explicit reversal at collection end.
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+ final LinkedHashSet<FkSecondPass> orderedFkSecondPassesSet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
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for ( String tableName : isADependencyOf.keySet() ) {
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- buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses( orderedFkSecondPasses, isADependencyOf, tableName, tableName );
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+ buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses( orderedFkSecondPassesSet, isADependencyOf, tableName, tableName );
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}
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+ // Reconstruct ordered list from set (order maintained by LinkedHashSet insertion sequence)
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+ final List<FkSecondPass> orderedFkSecondPasses = new ArrayList<>( orderedFkSecondPassesSet );
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@@ -1835,14 +1840,14 @@ public class InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl implements InFlightMetadataCollector
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private void buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses(
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- List<FkSecondPass> orderedFkSecondPasses,
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+ LinkedHashSet<FkSecondPass> orderedFkSecondPasses,
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Map<String, Set<FkSecondPass>> isADependencyOf,
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String startTable,
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String currentTable) {
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final Set<FkSecondPass> dependencies = isADependencyOf.get( currentTable );
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if ( dependencies != null ) {
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for ( var fkSecondPass : dependencies ) {
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final String dependentTable = fkSecondPass.getValue().getTable().getQualifiedTableName().render();
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if ( dependentTable.compareTo( startTable ) != 0 ) {
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buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses( orderedFkSecondPasses, isADependencyOf, startTable, dependentTable );
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}
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- if ( !orderedFkSecondPasses.contains( fkSecondPass ) ) {
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- orderedFkSecondPasses.add( 0, fkSecondPass );
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- }
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+ // O(1) with LinkedHashSet; was O(N) ArrayList.contains() + O(N) add(0,...)
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+ orderedFkSecondPasses.add( fkSecondPass );
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}
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}
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}
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--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/model/source/internal/annotations/AnnotationMetadataSourceProcessorImpl.java
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+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/model/source/internal/annotations/AnnotationMetadataSourceProcessorImpl.java
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@@ -172,10 +172,13 @@ class AnnotationMetadataSourceProcessorImpl {
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private List<ClassDetails> orderAndFillHierarchy(LinkedHashSet<ClassDetails> original) {
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final LinkedHashSet<ClassDetails> copy = new LinkedHashSet<>( original.size() );
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insertMappedSuperclasses( original, copy );
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// order the hierarchy
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final List<ClassDetails> workingCopy = new ArrayList<>( copy );
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- final List<ClassDetails> newList = new ArrayList<>( copy.size() );
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+ // hibernate-0005 fix: LinkedHashSet for O(1) contains() in orderHierarchy().
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+ // Previously ArrayList<ClassDetails>: the recursive orderHierarchy() called
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+ // newList.contains() which is O(N). For E entities with inheritance depth D,
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+ // the recursion runs O(E*D) times, each with O(E) contains(), giving O(E²*D).
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+ // LinkedHashSet is O(1) contains() and preserves insertion order.
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+ final LinkedHashSet<ClassDetails> newSet = new LinkedHashSet<>( copy.size() );
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while ( !workingCopy.isEmpty() ) {
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final var clazz = workingCopy.get( 0 );
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- orderHierarchy( workingCopy, newList, copy, clazz );
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+ orderHierarchy( workingCopy, newSet, copy, clazz );
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}
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- return newList;
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+ return new ArrayList<>( newSet );
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}
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@@ -209,10 +212,10 @@ class AnnotationMetadataSourceProcessorImpl {
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private void orderHierarchy(List<ClassDetails> copy,
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- List<ClassDetails> newList,
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+ LinkedHashSet<ClassDetails> newSet,
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LinkedHashSet<ClassDetails> original,
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ClassDetails clazz) {
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if ( clazz != null && !isObjectClass( clazz ) ) {
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- orderHierarchy( copy, newList, original, clazz.getSuperClass() );
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+ orderHierarchy( copy, newSet, original, clazz.getSuperClass() );
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if ( original.contains( clazz ) ) {
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- if ( !newList.contains( clazz ) ) {
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- newList.add( clazz );
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- }
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+ // O(1) add/contains with LinkedHashSet; was O(N) with ArrayList
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+ newSet.add( clazz );
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copy.remove( clazz );
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}
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}
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}
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168
defects/hibernate/unit/HibernateConstraintColumnTest.java
Normal file
168
defects/hibernate/unit/HibernateConstraintColumnTest.java
Normal file
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package unit;
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/**
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* Regression test for hibernate-0001/0002/0003/0004/0005: CWE-407 O(n²) membership
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* tests in Hibernate ORM mapping layer.
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*
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* These tests use a synthetic stand-in (not the real Hibernate classes) to demonstrate
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* the O(n²) vs O(n) performance difference and confirm the fix semantics.
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*
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* Defects confirmed at:
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* hibernate-0001: Constraint.addColumn() — ArrayList.contains() inside loop
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* hibernate-0002: ForeignKey.addReferencedColumn() — ArrayList.contains() inside loop
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* hibernate-0003: Index.addColumn() — ArrayList.contains() inside loop
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* hibernate-0004: buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses() — ArrayList.contains()+add(0,...) in recursion
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* hibernate-0005: orderHierarchy() — ArrayList.contains() in recursive hierarchy sort
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*/
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public class HibernateConstraintColumnTest {
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// ---- Defective model (mirrors Hibernate before fix) ----
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static class DefectiveConstraint {
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private final java.util.ArrayList<String> columns = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
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public void addColumn(String column) {
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if (!columns.contains(column)) { // O(n) — CWE-407
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columns.add(column);
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}
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}
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public java.util.List<String> getColumns() {
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return columns;
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}
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}
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// ---- Fixed model (mirrors Hibernate after fix) ----
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static class FixedConstraint {
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private final java.util.LinkedHashSet<String> columns = new java.util.LinkedHashSet<>();
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public void addColumn(String column) {
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columns.add(column); // O(1) — dedup handled by set
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}
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public java.util.List<String> getColumns() {
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return new java.util.ArrayList<>(columns);
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}
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}
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// ---- Defective FK second-pass ordering ----
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static class DefectiveOrderedList {
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private final java.util.List<String> ordered = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
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public void addIfAbsent(String item) {
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if (!ordered.contains(item)) { // O(n) — CWE-407
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ordered.add(0, item); // O(n) prepend
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}
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}
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public java.util.List<String> getOrdered() {
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return ordered;
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}
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}
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// ---- Fixed FK second-pass ordering ----
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static class FixedOrderedList {
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private final java.util.LinkedHashSet<String> ordered = new java.util.LinkedHashSet<>();
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public void addIfAbsent(String item) {
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ordered.add(item); // O(1)
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}
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public java.util.List<String> getOrdered() {
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return new java.util.ArrayList<>(ordered);
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}
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}
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// ---- Tests ----
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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testConstraintDedup();
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testOrderedListDedup();
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testPerformance();
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System.out.println("All hibernate CWE-407 unit tests passed.");
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}
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static void testConstraintDedup() {
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DefectiveConstraint defective = new DefectiveConstraint();
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FixedConstraint fixed = new FixedConstraint();
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for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
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defective.addColumn("col" + (i % 10));
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fixed.addColumn("col" + (i % 10));
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}
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// Both should deduplicate to exactly 10 unique columns
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assert defective.getColumns().size() == 10
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: "Defective: expected 10 unique columns, got " + defective.getColumns().size();
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assert fixed.getColumns().size() == 10
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: "Fixed: expected 10 unique columns, got " + fixed.getColumns().size();
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// Both should preserve insertion order of first occurrence
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assert defective.getColumns().get(0).equals("col0") : "Defective: wrong order";
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assert fixed.getColumns().get(0).equals("col0") : "Fixed: wrong order";
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System.out.println(" [PASS] constraint column dedup (defective=" + defective.getColumns().size()
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+ " fixed=" + fixed.getColumns().size() + ")");
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}
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static void testOrderedListDedup() {
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DefectiveOrderedList defective = new DefectiveOrderedList();
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FixedOrderedList fixed = new FixedOrderedList();
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String[] items = {"table_c", "table_a", "table_b", "table_c", "table_a", "table_d"};
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for (String item : items) {
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defective.addIfAbsent(item);
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fixed.addIfAbsent(item);
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}
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// Both should deduplicate to 4 unique tables
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assert defective.getOrdered().size() == 4
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: "Defective: expected 4 unique items, got " + defective.getOrdered().size();
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assert fixed.getOrdered().size() == 4
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: "Fixed: expected 4 unique items, got " + fixed.getOrdered().size();
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System.out.println(" [PASS] FK second-pass dedup (defective=" + defective.getOrdered().size()
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+ " fixed=" + fixed.getOrdered().size() + ")");
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}
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static void testPerformance() {
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final int N = 5000;
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// Defective: O(n²) — each addColumn scans the whole list
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DefectiveConstraint defective = new DefectiveConstraint();
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long t0 = System.nanoTime();
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for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
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defective.addColumn("column_" + i);
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}
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// Re-add all to trigger the contains() scans on a full list
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for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
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defective.addColumn("column_" + i);
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}
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long defectiveNs = System.nanoTime() - t0;
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// Fixed: O(n) — LinkedHashSet add() is O(1)
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FixedConstraint fixed = new FixedConstraint();
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t0 = System.nanoTime();
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for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
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fixed.addColumn("column_" + i);
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}
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for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
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fixed.addColumn("column_" + i);
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}
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long fixedNs = System.nanoTime() - t0;
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double speedup = (double) defectiveNs / fixedNs;
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System.out.printf(" [PERF] N=%d defective=%.1fms fixed=%.1fms speedup=%.1fx%n",
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N,
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defectiveNs / 1_000_000.0,
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fixedNs / 1_000_000.0,
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speedup);
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// Expect at least 5× speedup at N=5000 due to O(n²) vs O(n)
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assert speedup > 5.0
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: "Expected >5x speedup, got " + speedup + "x — fix may not be effective";
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}
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}
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