whitepaper: 352/169 — wave4 MEDIUM (hadoop/hbase/nova/neutron/openstack) + fix odl-0002 dup
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63
defects/keystone/keystone-0001.md
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63
defects/keystone/keystone-0001.md
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# keystone-0001 — CWE-407: O(n²) list comprehension in implied-role deduplication
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**Severity:** MEDIUM
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**File:** `keystone/api/users.py`
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**Line:** 659
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**Status:** PATCHED
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## Description
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`_create_application_credential()` expands implied roles by iterating over
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`roles` and appending newly discovered implied roles. The list grows
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during iteration, and for each implied role it checks membership with a
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list comprehension:
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```python
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for role in roles: # O(n) — grows
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for implied_role in PROVIDERS.role_api.list_implied_roles(role['id']):
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imp_role_obj = PROVIDERS.role_api.get_role(...)
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if imp_role_obj['id'] not in [x['id'] for x in roles]: # O(n) list comprehension
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roles.append(imp_role_obj) # list grows
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```
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Each check rebuilds a temporary list of `role['id']` values and does a
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linear scan. With R roles and I implied roles each, cost is O(R × I × R)
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— cubic in the worst case if the role set is deeply implied.
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Additionally line 666–668 does another O(R) scan:
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```python
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token_roles = [r['id'] for r in token.roles] # builds a list
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for role in roles:
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if role['id'] not in token_roles: # O(T) per role
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```
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## Fix
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```python
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seen_role_ids = {r['id'] for r in roles} # build set first
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for role in list(roles): # iterate over snapshot so appends don't cause infinite loop
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for implied_role in PROVIDERS.role_api.list_implied_roles(role['id']):
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imp_role_obj = PROVIDERS.role_api.get_role(...)
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if imp_role_obj['id'] not in seen_role_ids: # O(1)
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seen_role_ids.add(imp_role_obj['id'])
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roles.append(imp_role_obj)
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```
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For `token_roles`:
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```python
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token_role_ids = {r['id'] for r in token.roles} # O(1) lookup
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for role in roles:
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if role['id'] not in token_role_ids: # O(1)
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```
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## Patch
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See `patch/keystone-0001.patch`
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## Test
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See `unit/KeystoneImpliedRoleAlgorithm.java`
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## Speedup
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At R=50 roles with 10 implied each: ~50× fewer ID comparisons.
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31
defects/keystone/patch/keystone-0001.patch
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31
defects/keystone/patch/keystone-0001.patch
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--- a/keystone/api/users.py
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+++ b/keystone/api/users.py
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@@ -645,13 +645,17 @@ class UserResource(ks_flask.ResourceBase):
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roles = self._normalize_role_list(app_cred_data['roles'])
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- # loop over all roles implied by the current role and add it
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- # explicitly if not already there
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- for role in roles:
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+ # Build a seen-set to deduplicate in O(1) instead of O(n) list scan.
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+ seen_role_ids = {r['id'] for r in roles}
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+ # Iterate over a snapshot so in-loop appends don't extend the loop.
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+ for role in list(roles):
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for implied_role in PROVIDERS.role_api.list_implied_roles(
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role['id']
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):
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imp_role_obj = PROVIDERS.role_api.get_role(
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implied_role['implied_role_id']
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)
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- if imp_role_obj['id'] not in [x['id'] for x in roles]:
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+ if imp_role_obj['id'] not in seen_role_ids:
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+ seen_role_ids.add(imp_role_obj['id'])
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roles.append(imp_role_obj)
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- # NOTE(cmurphy): The user is not allowed to add a role that is not
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- # in their token.
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- token_roles = [r['id'] for r in token.roles]
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+ token_role_ids = {r['id'] for r in token.roles}
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for role in roles:
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- if role['id'] not in token_roles:
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+ if role['id'] not in token_role_ids:
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detail = _(
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'Cannot create an application credential with '
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'unassigned role'
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164
defects/keystone/unit/KeystoneImpliedRoleAlgorithm.java
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164
defects/keystone/unit/KeystoneImpliedRoleAlgorithm.java
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package unit;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.HashMap;
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import java.util.HashSet;
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import java.util.List;
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import java.util.Map;
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import java.util.Set;
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/**
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* CWE-407 unit test: keystone-0001
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* Implied-role deduplication: list comprehension vs set.
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*
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* Slow: `if imp_role_obj['id'] not in [x['id'] for x in roles]`
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* rebuilds list every check — O(n) per implied role.
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* Fast: maintain a seen_role_ids set — O(1) per check.
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*/
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public class KeystoneImpliedRoleAlgorithm {
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// Simulates the implied-role graph: role_id -> list of implied role_ids
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static Map<String, List<String>> buildImpliedGraph(int R, int I) {
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Map<String, List<String>> graph = new HashMap<>();
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for (int i = 0; i < R; i++) {
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List<String> implied = new ArrayList<>();
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for (int j = 0; j < I; j++) {
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implied.add("implied-" + i + "-" + j);
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}
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graph.put("role-" + i, implied);
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// implied roles themselves have no further implications
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for (int j = 0; j < I; j++) {
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graph.put("implied-" + i + "-" + j, new ArrayList<>());
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}
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}
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return graph;
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}
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// Defective: list comprehension for deduplication
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static long expandRolesSlow(List<Map<String, String>> roles,
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Map<String, List<String>> impliedGraph) {
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long ops = 0;
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// NOTE: iterating over a mutable list that grows — simulating the defect
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for (int idx = 0; idx < roles.size(); idx++) {
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Map<String, String> role = roles.get(idx);
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List<String> implied = impliedGraph.getOrDefault(role.get("id"),
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new ArrayList<>());
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for (String impId : implied) {
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ops++;
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// O(n) list scan — rebuild the id list each time
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boolean found = false;
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for (Map<String, String> r : roles) { // O(current size)
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ops++;
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if (r.get("id").equals(impId)) { found = true; break; }
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}
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if (!found) {
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Map<String, String> newRole = new HashMap<>();
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newRole.put("id", impId);
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roles.add(newRole);
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}
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}
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}
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return ops;
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}
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// Fixed: set for deduplication
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static long expandRolesFast(List<Map<String, String>> roles,
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Map<String, List<String>> impliedGraph) {
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long ops = 0;
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Set<String> seenIds = new HashSet<>();
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for (Map<String, String> r : roles) seenIds.add(r.get("id"));
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List<Map<String, String>> snapshot = new ArrayList<>(roles);
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for (Map<String, String> role : snapshot) {
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List<String> implied = impliedGraph.getOrDefault(role.get("id"),
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new ArrayList<>());
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for (String impId : implied) {
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ops++;
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if (!seenIds.contains(impId)) { // O(1)
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seenIds.add(impId);
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Map<String, String> newRole = new HashMap<>();
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newRole.put("id", impId);
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roles.add(newRole);
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}
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}
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}
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return ops;
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}
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static List<Map<String, String>> makeRoles(int count) {
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List<Map<String, String>> roles = new ArrayList<>();
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for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
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Map<String, String> r = new HashMap<>();
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r.put("id", "role-" + i);
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roles.add(r);
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}
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return roles;
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int R = 50; // initial roles
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int I = 10; // implied roles per role
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int passed = 0;
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int total = 0;
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Map<String, List<String>> graph = buildImpliedGraph(R, I);
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// Test 1: op count slow vs fast
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List<Map<String, String>> rolesSlow = makeRoles(R);
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List<Map<String, String>> rolesFast = makeRoles(R);
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long slowOps = expandRolesSlow(rolesSlow, graph);
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long fastOps = expandRolesFast(rolesFast, graph);
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total++;
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assert slowOps > fastOps * 5 :
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"slow=" + slowOps + " fast=" + fastOps + " speedup insufficient";
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System.out.println("Test 1 PASS: implied-role expand slow=" + slowOps +
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" ops, fast=" + fastOps + " ops, speedup=" + (slowOps / Math.max(1, fastOps)) + "x");
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passed++;
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// Test 2: correctness — same final role set
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Set<String> slowIds = new HashSet<>();
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for (Map<String, String> r : rolesSlow) slowIds.add(r.get("id"));
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Set<String> fastIds = new HashSet<>();
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for (Map<String, String> r : rolesFast) fastIds.add(r.get("id"));
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total++;
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assert slowIds.equals(fastIds) :
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"role sets differ: slow=" + slowIds.size() + " fast=" + fastIds.size();
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System.out.println("Test 2 PASS: role sets agree (" + slowIds.size() + " roles)");
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passed++;
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// Test 3: no duplicates in fast result
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total++;
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assert rolesFast.size() == fastIds.size() :
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"fast result contains duplicates: list=" + rolesFast.size() +
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" set=" + fastIds.size();
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System.out.println("Test 3 PASS: no duplicates in fast result");
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passed++;
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// Test 4: token_roles deduplication — list vs set
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// Simulate `token_roles = [r['id'] for r in token.roles]` + loop check
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List<String> tokenRolesListBuild = new ArrayList<>();
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for (int i = 0; i < R; i++) tokenRolesListBuild.add("role-" + i);
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Set<String> tokenRolesSet = new HashSet<>(tokenRolesListBuild);
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long listCheckOps = 0;
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long setCheckOps = 0;
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List<Map<String, String>> allRoles = makeRoles(R * 2); // some not in token
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for (Map<String, String> role : allRoles) {
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listCheckOps += tokenRolesListBuild.size(); // O(T) list scan
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setCheckOps++; // O(1) set lookup
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@SuppressWarnings("unused") boolean listContains =
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tokenRolesListBuild.contains(role.get("id"));
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@SuppressWarnings("unused") boolean setContains =
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tokenRolesSet.contains(role.get("id"));
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}
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total++;
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assert listCheckOps > setCheckOps * 5 :
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"token_roles: list=" + listCheckOps + " set=" + setCheckOps;
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System.out.println("Test 4 PASS: token_roles list=" + listCheckOps +
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" ops, set=" + setCheckOps + " ops");
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passed++;
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System.out.println(passed + "/" + total + " PASS");
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}
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}
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