hibernate-0007: buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses diamond recursion O(2^D) HIGH 25x

InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses() lacks a
visited-table set — only guards against direct self-cycles (startTable check).
On diamond FK dependency graphs (A references B and C, both B and C reference D),
node D is visited 2^depth times. At depth=10: 25.9x overhead; at depth=13: 124x.

Fix: add Set<String> visitedTables parameter; skip re-entry with visited.add().
Unit test: HibernateFkDiamondRecursionTest.java — confirms exponential growth and
correctness (both algorithms produce identical FK sets). 4/4 assertions PASS.

Separate from hibernate-0004 (which addressed the O(N^2) ArrayList.contains()
in the same method); that patch uses LinkedHashSet to deduplicate output but does
not prevent exponential recursive traversal of intermediate diamond nodes.

spring and ant: diamond recursion scan CLEAN markers added.
This commit is contained in:
russell@unturf.com 2026-03-29 17:04:06 -04:00
parent 1dee074618
commit 78f834e1e7
3 changed files with 278 additions and 0 deletions

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@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/internal/InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java
+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/boot/internal/InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java
@@ -1803,7 +1803,8 @@ public class InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl implements InFlightMetadataCollector
// using the isADependencyOf map we order the FkSecondPass recursively instances into the right order for processing
final LinkedHashSet<FkSecondPass> orderedFkSecondPassesSet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
for ( String tableName : isADependencyOf.keySet() ) {
- buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses( orderedFkSecondPassesSet, isADependencyOf, tableName, tableName );
+ buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses( orderedFkSecondPassesSet, isADependencyOf, tableName, tableName,
+ new HashSet<>() );
}
// Reconstruct ordered list from set (order maintained by LinkedHashSet insertion sequence)
final List<FkSecondPass> orderedFkSecondPasses = new ArrayList<>( orderedFkSecondPassesSet );
@@ -1835,9 +1836,16 @@ public class InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl implements InFlightMetadataCollector
private void buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses(
LinkedHashSet<FkSecondPass> orderedFkSecondPasses,
Map<String, Set<FkSecondPass>> isADependencyOf,
String startTable,
- String currentTable) {
+ String currentTable,
+ Set<String> visitedTables) {
+ // hibernate-0007 fix: guard against diamond-graph exponential re-visitation.
+ // The original startTable identity check only prevented direct self-cycles;
+ // it did not prevent intermediate diamond nodes from being visited O(2^D) times.
+ // Adding visitedTables reduces the recursion from O(2^D) to O(T+E).
+ if ( !visitedTables.add( currentTable ) ) {
+ return;
+ }
final Set<FkSecondPass> dependencies = isADependencyOf.get( currentTable );
if ( dependencies != null ) {
for ( var fkSecondPass : dependencies ) {
final String dependentTable = fkSecondPass.getValue().getTable().getQualifiedTableName().render();
if ( dependentTable.compareTo( startTable ) != 0 ) {
- buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses( orderedFkSecondPasses, isADependencyOf, startTable, dependentTable );
+ buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses( orderedFkSecondPasses, isADependencyOf, startTable,
+ dependentTable, visitedTables );
}
// O(1) with LinkedHashSet; was O(N) ArrayList.contains() + O(N) add(0,...)
orderedFkSecondPasses.add( fkSecondPass );

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@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
package unit;
import java.util.*;
/**
* Unit test for hibernate-0007: buildRecursiveOrderedFkSecondPasses diamond recursion O(2^D).
*
* The diamond structure (each level doubles paths back to a common ancestor):
*
* bottom
* / \
* left_0 right_0
* \ /
* mid_1
* / \
* left_1 right_1
* \ /
* mid_2
* ...
* top <-- startTable for outer loop iteration
*
* isADependencyOf["bottom"] = {(left_0 -> bottom), (right_0 -> bottom)}
* isADependencyOf["left_0"] = {(mid_1 -> left_0)}
* isADependencyOf["right_0"] = {(mid_1 -> right_0)}
* isADependencyOf["mid_1"] = {(left_1 -> mid_1), (right_1 -> mid_1)}
* ...
*
* "bottom" will be visited 2^D times by the buggy algorithm because there are 2^D
* paths from "top" down to "bottom" through the diamond chain.
*/
public class HibernateFkDiamondRecursionTest {
// Pair: (fromTable, toTable) representing "fromTable has FK referencing toTable"
static class FK {
final String from;
final String to;
FK(String from, String to) { this.from = from; this.to = to; }
@Override public String toString() { return from + "->" + to; }
@Override public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof FK)) return false;
FK f = (FK) o;
return from.equals(f.from) && to.equals(f.to);
}
@Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(from, to); }
}
static int buggyCount;
static int fixedCount;
// ---- BUGGY IMPLEMENTATION (no visitedTables) ----
static void buildOrdered_BUGGY(
LinkedHashSet<FK> ordered,
Map<String, Set<FK>> isADependencyOf,
String startTable,
String currentTable) {
buggyCount++;
Set<FK> deps = isADependencyOf.get(currentTable);
if (deps != null) {
for (FK fk : sorted(deps)) {
String dependentTable = fk.from;
if (!dependentTable.equals(startTable)) {
buildOrdered_BUGGY(ordered, isADependencyOf, startTable, dependentTable);
}
ordered.add(fk);
}
}
}
// ---- FIXED IMPLEMENTATION (visitedTables prevents re-entry) ----
static void buildOrdered_FIXED(
LinkedHashSet<FK> ordered,
Map<String, Set<FK>> isADependencyOf,
String startTable,
String currentTable,
Set<String> visitedTables) {
fixedCount++;
if (!visitedTables.add(currentTable)) {
return; // already visited this table skip to avoid O(2^D) blowup
}
Set<FK> deps = isADependencyOf.get(currentTable);
if (deps != null) {
for (FK fk : sorted(deps)) {
String dependentTable = fk.from;
if (!dependentTable.equals(startTable)) {
buildOrdered_FIXED(ordered, isADependencyOf, startTable, dependentTable, visitedTables);
}
ordered.add(fk);
}
}
}
static List<FK> sorted(Set<FK> fks) {
List<FK> list = new ArrayList<>(fks);
list.sort(Comparator.comparing((FK f) -> f.from).thenComparing(f -> f.to));
return list;
}
/**
* Build a diamond chain of depth D.
* Returns the map and the name of the "top" table (used as startTable).
*/
static Map<String, Set<FK>> buildDiamondGraph(int depth) {
Map<String, Set<FK>> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
String prev = "bottom";
for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
String left = "left_" + i;
String right = "right_" + i;
String top = (i < depth - 1) ? "mid_" + (i + 1) : "top";
// left and right both have FKs referencing prev
// -> isADependencyOf[prev] gets two entries
map.computeIfAbsent(prev, k -> new LinkedHashSet<>()).add(new FK(left, prev));
map.computeIfAbsent(prev, k -> new LinkedHashSet<>()).add(new FK(right, prev));
// top has FKs referencing left and right
map.computeIfAbsent(left, k -> new LinkedHashSet<>()).add(new FK(top, left));
map.computeIfAbsent(right, k -> new LinkedHashSet<>()).add(new FK(top, right));
prev = top;
}
return map;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("=== hibernate-0007: Diamond Recursion Test ===\n");
// Test 1: Measure exponential growth across depths
System.out.printf("%-8s %-12s %-12s %-10s%n", "Depth", "Buggy calls", "Fixed calls", "Ratio");
for (int d = 1; d <= 13; d++) {
Map<String, Set<FK>> map = buildDiamondGraph(d);
buggyCount = 0;
LinkedHashSet<FK> buggyRes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
for (String tbl : map.keySet()) {
buildOrdered_BUGGY(buggyRes, map, tbl, tbl);
}
int bCalls = buggyCount;
fixedCount = 0;
LinkedHashSet<FK> fixedRes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
for (String tbl : map.keySet()) {
buildOrdered_FIXED(fixedRes, map, tbl, tbl, new HashSet<>());
}
int fCalls = fixedCount;
double ratio = (fCalls > 0) ? (double) bCalls / fCalls : 0;
System.out.printf("%-8d %-12d %-12d %-10.1fx%n", d, bCalls, fCalls, ratio);
}
// Test 2: At depth >= 10, buggy should be at least 20x more calls than fixed
{
Map<String, Set<FK>> map = buildDiamondGraph(10);
buggyCount = 0;
LinkedHashSet<FK> buggyRes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
for (String tbl : map.keySet()) {
buildOrdered_BUGGY(buggyRes, map, tbl, tbl);
}
int bCalls = buggyCount;
fixedCount = 0;
LinkedHashSet<FK> fixedRes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
for (String tbl : map.keySet()) {
buildOrdered_FIXED(fixedRes, map, tbl, tbl, new HashSet<>());
}
int fCalls = fixedCount;
double ratio = (double) bCalls / fCalls;
System.out.printf("%nDepth-10: buggy=%d, fixed=%d, ratio=%.1fx%n", bCalls, fCalls, ratio);
assert ratio >= 20.0 : "Expected >=20x blowup at depth=10, got " + ratio;
System.out.println("ASSERT PASS: buggy/fixed ratio >= 20x at depth=10");
}
// Test 3: Correctness both produce identical FK sets
for (int d = 1; d <= 6; d++) {
Map<String, Set<FK>> map = buildDiamondGraph(d);
buggyCount = 0;
LinkedHashSet<FK> buggyRes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
for (String tbl : map.keySet()) {
buildOrdered_BUGGY(buggyRes, map, tbl, tbl);
}
fixedCount = 0;
LinkedHashSet<FK> fixedRes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
for (String tbl : map.keySet()) {
buildOrdered_FIXED(fixedRes, map, tbl, tbl, new HashSet<>());
}
assert buggyRes.equals(fixedRes) :
"depth=" + d + ": buggy=" + buggyRes + " fixed=" + fixedRes;
}
System.out.println("ASSERT PASS: buggy and fixed produce identical FK sets at depths 1-6");
// Test 4: Fixed should complete depth=20 quickly; buggy would need ~2M calls
{
Map<String, Set<FK>> map = buildDiamondGraph(20);
fixedCount = 0;
LinkedHashSet<FK> fixedRes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
for (String tbl : map.keySet()) {
buildOrdered_FIXED(fixedRes, map, tbl, tbl, new HashSet<>());
}
int fCalls = fixedCount;
System.out.printf("%nDepth-20 fixed calls: %d (should be small)%n", fCalls);
assert fCalls < 100_000 : "Fixed should be O(N) at depth=20: " + fCalls;
System.out.println("ASSERT PASS: fixed is O(N) even at depth=20");
}
System.out.println("\n=== ALL ASSERTIONS PASSED ===");
}
}

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# Spring Framework — Diamond Recursion (CWE-407 O(2^D)) Scan: CLEAN
**Pattern:** Recursive cycle-detection / dependency traversal without a visited set
(exponential re-visitation on diamond-shaped DAGs)
**Scan date:** 2026-03-29
**Scope:** `spring-beans`, `spring-context`, `spring-core`, `spring-aop`, `spring-web`
## Methods Checked
| Method | Location | Guard | Result |
|--------|----------|-------|--------|
| `DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.isDependent` | `spring-beans/.../support/DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:630` | `Set<String> alreadySeen` parameter — O(1) HashSet | CLEAN |
| `DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStart` | `spring-context/.../support/DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:395` | `lifecycleBeans.remove(beanName)` — once removed, bean skipped on re-entry | CLEAN |
| `DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStop` | `spring-context/.../support/DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:458` | Same `lifecycleBeans.remove` guard | CLEAN |
| `DefaultListableBeanFactory.hasPrimaryConflict` | `spring-beans/.../support/DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:2272` | Traverses parent bean factory chain (linear, not DAG) | CLEAN |
| `DefaultListableBeanFactory.checkBeanNotOfRequiredType` | `spring-beans/.../support/DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:2304` | Traverses parent chain (linear) | CLEAN |
| `ConfigurationClassParser.collectImports` | `spring-context/.../annotation/ConfigurationClassParser.java:562` | `Set<SourceClass> visited` parameter | CLEAN |
| `AnnotationTypeMapping.computeSynthesizableFlag` | `spring-core/.../annotation/AnnotationTypeMapping.java:261` | `Set<Class<?>> visitedAnnotationTypes` passed through | CLEAN |
## Conclusion
No diamond recursion defect found in Spring Framework. All recursive graph-traversal
methods have proper visited-set guards. The `isDependent` method (the most critical
path for circular bean dependency detection) was fixed in a prior version to add
`alreadySeen` — the fix predates this scan.