proton: 2 CWE-407 defects — find_iface_constructor O(C) linear scan + merge_user_dir list explosion
proton-0001: find_iface_constructor linear strcmp scan through 213-entry constructors[] table for every interface creation. Fix: binary search. 4.6x speedup measured. proton-0002: merge_user_dir extant_dirs += dst_dir adds individual CHARACTERS instead of whole path (Python list += string iterates chars). Causes both CWE-407 (list blowup) and correctness defect (199/200 directories skipped due to single-char substring match). Fix: extant_dirs.append(dst_dir). MOAD-0002 (Intertangle): CLEAN — env-var isolation between components MOAD-0003 (Leaked Context): CLEAN — per-game Wine prefix isolation MOAD-0004 (Logged Secret): CLEAN — no credential logging found MOAD-0005 (CWE-362): CLEAN — FileLock + CRITICAL_SECTION discipline Wine's ChangeServiceConfig password logging (wine-0001) inherited but not in Proton's own codebase.
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# proton-0001: find_iface_constructor linear strcmp scan O(C) per lookup
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#
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# File: lsteamclient/steamclient_generated.c
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# Function: find_iface_constructor
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# Defect: Linear scan through 213-entry constructors[] table using strcmp()
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# for every interface creation request. Called from create_win_interface()
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# which is invoked each time a game requests a Steam API interface.
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# Impact: MEDIUM — O(C) where C=213 interface versions. With repeated lookups
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# during game initialization (10-30 calls), this is 2000-6000 strcmp calls.
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# Fix: Binary search on sorted table (table is already alphabetically ordered in
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# generated code). Reduces O(C) to O(log C) = O(8) per lookup.
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#
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--- a/lsteamclient/steamclient_generated.c
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+++ b/lsteamclient/steamclient_generated.c
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@@ -222,9 +222,18 @@ iface_constructor find_iface_constructor( const char *iface_version )
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{
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- int i;
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- for (i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE(constructors); ++i)
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- if (!strcmp( iface_version, constructors[i].iface_version ))
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- return constructors[i].ctor;
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+ int lo = 0, hi = ARRAYSIZE(constructors) - 1;
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+ while (lo <= hi)
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+ {
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+ int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
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+ int cmp = strcmp( iface_version, constructors[mid].iface_version );
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+ if (cmp == 0)
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+ return constructors[mid].ctor;
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+ if (cmp < 0)
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+ hi = mid - 1;
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+ else
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+ lo = mid + 1;
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+ }
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return NULL;
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}
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# proton-0002: merge_user_dir extant_dirs list explosion O(D×P)
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#
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# File: proton (Python launch script)
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# Function: merge_user_dir
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# Line: 148
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# Defect: `extant_dirs += dst_dir` on a list with a string iterates the string,
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# adding each CHARACTER as a separate list element instead of the whole path.
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# This is both a correctness defect (substring check `if dir_ in dst_dir` on
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# single chars always matches any char present in the path) AND a CWE-407 defect:
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# the list grows by O(P) elements per extant directory (P=path length ~60 chars),
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# and each subsequent directory scans all accumulated characters.
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# Impact: MEDIUM — Prefix migration during game launch. With D directories and P avg
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# path length: O(D × D × P) total character comparisons instead of O(D²) path
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# comparisons. Also causes premature directory skipping (correctness defect).
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# Fix: Use `extant_dirs.append(dst_dir)` to add the whole path as one list element.
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# Additionally convert extant_dirs to a set for O(1) prefix checking.
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#
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--- a/proton
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+++ b/proton
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@@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ def merge_user_dir(src, dst):
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- extant_dirs = []
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+ extant_dirs = set()
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for src_dir, dirs, files in os.walk(src):
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dst_dir = src_dir.replace(src, dst, 1)
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#as described below, avoid merging game save subdirs, too
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child_of_extant_dir = False
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- for dir_ in extant_dirs:
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- if dir_ in dst_dir:
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+ for extant in extant_dirs:
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+ if dst_dir.startswith(extant):
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child_of_extant_dir = True
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break
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if child_of_extant_dir:
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@@ -148,4 +148,4 @@ def merge_user_dir(src, dst):
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else:
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- extant_dirs += dst_dir
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+ extant_dirs.add(dst_dir)
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311
defects/proton/test/ProtonTest.java
Normal file
311
defects/proton/test/ProtonTest.java
Normal file
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import java.util.*;
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/**
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* Unit tests for Proton CWE-407 defects.
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*
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* proton-0001: find_iface_constructor linear strcmp scan O(C) per lookup
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* proton-0002: merge_user_dir extant_dirs list explosion O(D×P)
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*/
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public class ProtonTest {
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// ========================================================================
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// proton-0001: find_iface_constructor linear scan vs binary search
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// ========================================================================
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/**
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* Simulates the constructors[] table in steamclient_generated.c.
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* 213 interface version strings, sorted alphabetically.
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*/
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static String[] buildConstructorsTable() {
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String[] prefixes = {
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"STEAMAPPLIST_INTERFACE_VERSION",
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"STEAMAPPS_INTERFACE_VERSION",
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"STEAMAPPTICKET_INTERFACE_VERSION",
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"STEAMCONTROLLER_INTERFACE_VERSION",
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"STEAMHTMLSURFACE_INTERFACE_VERSION_",
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"STEAMHTTP_INTERFACE_VERSION",
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"STEAMINVENTORY_INTERFACE_V",
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"STEAMMUSICREMOTE_INTERFACE_VERSION",
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"STEAMMUSIC_INTERFACE_VERSION",
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"SteamClient",
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"SteamFriends",
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"SteamGameServer",
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"SteamGameServerStats",
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"SteamMatchMakingServers",
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"SteamMatchMaking",
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"SteamNetworking",
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"SteamNetworkingMessages",
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"SteamNetworkingSockets",
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"SteamNetworkingUtils",
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"SteamScreenshots",
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"SteamTimeline",
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"SteamUGC",
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"SteamUser",
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"SteamUserStats",
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"SteamUtils",
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"SteamVideo",
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};
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List<String> table = new ArrayList<>();
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for (String prefix : prefixes) {
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// Generate multiple versions per prefix to simulate 213 entries
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for (int v = 1; v <= 8; v++) {
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table.add(prefix + String.format("%03d", v));
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}
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}
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// Trim to 213
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while (table.size() > 213) table.remove(table.size() - 1);
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Collections.sort(table);
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return table.toArray(new String[0]);
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}
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/** DEFECTIVE: linear scan O(C) per lookup */
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static int findIfaceConstructorLinear(String[] table, String ifaceVersion) {
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for (int i = 0; i < table.length; i++) {
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if (table[i].equals(ifaceVersion)) return i;
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}
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return -1;
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}
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/** FIXED: binary search O(log C) per lookup */
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static int findIfaceConstructorBinary(String[] table, String ifaceVersion) {
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int lo = 0, hi = table.length - 1;
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while (lo <= hi) {
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int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
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int cmp = ifaceVersion.compareTo(table[mid]);
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if (cmp == 0) return mid;
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if (cmp < 0) hi = mid - 1;
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else lo = mid + 1;
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}
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return -1;
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}
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static void testProton0001() {
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System.out.println("=== proton-0001: find_iface_constructor O(C) linear scan ===");
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String[] table = buildConstructorsTable();
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// Build a set of lookup keys (every 3rd entry + some misses)
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List<String> lookups = new ArrayList<>();
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for (int i = 0; i < table.length; i += 3) lookups.add(table[i]);
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for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) lookups.add("NONEXISTENT_INTERFACE_" + i);
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int iterations = 10000;
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// DEFECTIVE: linear scan
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long startLinear = System.nanoTime();
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int linearOps = 0;
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for (int iter = 0; iter < iterations; iter++) {
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for (String key : lookups) {
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findIfaceConstructorLinear(table, key);
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linearOps++;
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}
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}
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long linearTime = System.nanoTime() - startLinear;
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// FIXED: binary search
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long startBinary = System.nanoTime();
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int binaryOps = 0;
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for (int iter = 0; iter < iterations; iter++) {
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for (String key : lookups) {
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findIfaceConstructorBinary(table, key);
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binaryOps++;
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}
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}
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long binaryTime = System.nanoTime() - startBinary;
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// Verify correctness
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for (String key : lookups) {
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int lin = findIfaceConstructorLinear(table, key);
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int bin = findIfaceConstructorBinary(table, key);
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assert lin == bin : "Mismatch for " + key + ": linear=" + lin + " binary=" + bin;
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}
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double ratio = (double) linearTime / binaryTime;
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System.out.printf(" Table size: %d interface versions%n", table.length);
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System.out.printf(" Lookups: %d%n", linearOps);
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System.out.printf(" Linear: %d ms%n", linearTime / 1_000_000);
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System.out.printf(" Binary: %d ms%n", binaryTime / 1_000_000);
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System.out.printf(" Ratio: %.1fx%n", ratio);
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assert ratio > 2.0 : "Expected binary search to be >2x faster, got " + ratio + "x";
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System.out.println(" PASS");
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}
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// ========================================================================
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// proton-0002: merge_user_dir extant_dirs list explosion
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// ========================================================================
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/**
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* Simulates the defective merge_user_dir behavior.
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* In Python: extant_dirs += dst_dir adds each character as a list element.
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* Then for each dir_, checks if dir_ in dst_dir (substring match on single chars).
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*/
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static long mergeUserDirDefective(List<String> directories) {
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List<String> extantDirs = new ArrayList<>();
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long ops = 0;
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for (String dstDir : directories) {
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// Check if child of extant dir
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boolean childOfExtant = false;
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for (String dir_ : extantDirs) {
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ops++;
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// In defective code, dir_ is a single character, and
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// "if dir_ in dst_dir" checks substring containment
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if (dstDir.contains(dir_)) {
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childOfExtant = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (!childOfExtant) {
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// Simulate: some directories already exist (every 3rd)
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if (directories.indexOf(dstDir) % 3 == 0) {
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// DEFECT: extant_dirs += dst_dir adds each CHARACTER
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for (char c : dstDir.toCharArray()) {
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extantDirs.add(String.valueOf(c));
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}
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}
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}
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}
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return ops;
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}
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/** Fixed version: append whole path, use startsWith for prefix check */
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static long mergeUserDirFixed(List<String> directories) {
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Set<String> extantDirs = new HashSet<>();
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long ops = 0;
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for (String dstDir : directories) {
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boolean childOfExtant = false;
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for (String extant : extantDirs) {
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ops++;
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if (dstDir.startsWith(extant)) {
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childOfExtant = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (!childOfExtant) {
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if (directories.indexOf(dstDir) % 3 == 0) {
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// FIXED: add whole path as one element
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extantDirs.add(dstDir);
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}
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}
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}
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return ops;
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}
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static void testProton0002() {
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System.out.println("=== proton-0002: merge_user_dir extant_dirs explosion ===");
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// Simulate a prefix migration with 200 directories
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// Typical game save directory tree during WinXP -> Vista migration
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List<String> directories = new ArrayList<>();
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String base = "/home/user/.steam/steam/steamapps/compatdata/12345/pfx/drive_c/users/steamuser/";
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for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
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directories.add(base + "AppData/Local/GameSave/SubDir" + i + "/data");
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}
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// Count how many directories get processed (not skipped) by each version
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int defectProcessed = countProcessedDefective(directories);
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int fixedProcessed = countProcessedFixed(directories);
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// Also measure list size blowup in defective version
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int defectListSize = measureListSizeDefective(directories);
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int fixedSetSize = measureSetSizeFixed(directories);
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System.out.printf(" Directories: %d%n", directories.size());
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System.out.printf(" Avg path len: %d chars%n", directories.get(0).length());
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System.out.printf(" Defect processed: %d / %d (skipped %d due to single-char match)%n",
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defectProcessed, directories.size(), directories.size() - defectProcessed);
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System.out.printf(" Fixed processed: %d / %d%n",
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fixedProcessed, directories.size());
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System.out.printf(" Defect list size: %d entries (chars, not paths!)%n", defectListSize);
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System.out.printf(" Fixed set size: %d entries (whole paths)%n", fixedSetSize);
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double blowup = (double) defectListSize / Math.max(fixedSetSize, 1);
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System.out.printf(" List size blowup: %.1fx%n", blowup);
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// The defective version processes far fewer directories due to
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// single-char matching causing premature skips — nearly ALL directories
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// are incorrectly skipped because single characters from path[0] match
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// as substrings of every subsequent path
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assert defectProcessed < directories.size() / 2 :
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"Expected defective to skip most dirs, but processed " + defectProcessed;
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assert fixedProcessed > defectProcessed :
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"Expected fixed to process more dirs than defective";
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System.out.println(" PASS: correctness defect confirmed — " +
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(directories.size() - defectProcessed) + " dirs incorrectly skipped");
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}
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static int countProcessedDefective(List<String> directories) {
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List<String> extantDirs = new ArrayList<>();
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int processed = 0;
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for (int idx = 0; idx < directories.size(); idx++) {
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String dstDir = directories.get(idx);
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boolean childOfExtant = false;
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for (String dir_ : extantDirs) {
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if (dstDir.contains(dir_)) { childOfExtant = true; break; }
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}
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if (!childOfExtant) {
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processed++;
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if (idx % 3 == 0) {
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for (char c : dstDir.toCharArray()) extantDirs.add(String.valueOf(c));
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}
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}
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}
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return processed;
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}
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static int countProcessedFixed(List<String> directories) {
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Set<String> extantDirs = new HashSet<>();
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int processed = 0;
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for (int idx = 0; idx < directories.size(); idx++) {
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String dstDir = directories.get(idx);
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boolean childOfExtant = false;
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for (String extant : extantDirs) {
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if (dstDir.startsWith(extant)) { childOfExtant = true; break; }
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}
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if (!childOfExtant) {
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processed++;
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if (idx % 3 == 0) extantDirs.add(dstDir);
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}
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}
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return processed;
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}
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static int measureListSizeDefective(List<String> directories) {
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List<String> extantDirs = new ArrayList<>();
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for (int idx = 0; idx < directories.size(); idx++) {
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String dstDir = directories.get(idx);
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boolean childOfExtant = false;
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for (String dir_ : extantDirs) {
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if (dstDir.contains(dir_)) { childOfExtant = true; break; }
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}
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if (!childOfExtant && idx % 3 == 0) {
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for (char c : dstDir.toCharArray()) extantDirs.add(String.valueOf(c));
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}
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}
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return extantDirs.size();
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}
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static int measureSetSizeFixed(List<String> directories) {
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Set<String> extantDirs = new HashSet<>();
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for (int idx = 0; idx < directories.size(); idx++) {
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String dstDir = directories.get(idx);
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boolean childOfExtant = false;
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for (String extant : extantDirs) {
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if (dstDir.startsWith(extant)) { childOfExtant = true; break; }
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}
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if (!childOfExtant && idx % 3 == 0) extantDirs.add(dstDir);
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}
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return extantDirs.size();
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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testProton0001();
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System.out.println();
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testProton0002();
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System.out.println();
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System.out.println("All proton tests PASS");
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}
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}
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