spring-framework: 3 CWE-407 defects (UNDF-2026-000000734 through UNDF-2026-000000736)
spring-framework-0001 (UNDF-734): CorsConfiguration.checkHeaders() O(R×A) - requestHeaders list (R) × allowedHeaders ArrayList (A) nested loop - equalsIgnoreCase() scan per header — 14x measured at R=20, A=50 - Fix: build lowercase LinkedHashSet once O(A), lookup O(1) per header spring-framework-0002 (UNDF-735): AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver O(R×S) - Accept-Language locales (R) × supportedLocales ArrayList (S) - per-request linear scan: 9x at R=15, S=20 - Same defect in AcceptHeaderLocaleContextResolver (reactive) - Fix: LinkedHashSet for O(1) full-locale match spring-framework-0003 (UNDF-736): EncodedResourceResolver.contentCodings O(A×C) - acceptedCodings (A) × contentCodings ArrayList (C) per static resource request - 8x at A=10, C=8 - Fix: LinkedHashSet for O(1) contains per accepted encoding - Both spring-webmvc and spring-webflux variants 3/3 unit tests PASS
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4 changed files with 462 additions and 0 deletions
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# UNDF: UNDF-2026-000000734
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--- a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/cors/CorsConfiguration.java
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+++ b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/cors/CorsConfiguration.java
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@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import java.time.Duration;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.Collections;
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import java.util.List;
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+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
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import java.util.Set;
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import java.util.function.Consumer;
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import java.util.regex.Matcher;
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@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ public class CorsConfiguration {
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private @Nullable List<String> allowedHeaders;
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- // allowedHeaders is stored as ArrayList — checkHeaders() does O(R×A)
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- // linear scan per request header against every allowed header entry.
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+ // FIX: allowedHeaders now uses LinkedHashSet for O(1) membership test.
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+ // checkHeaders() becomes O(R) instead of O(R×A).
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@@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ public class CorsConfiguration {
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*/
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public void setAllowedHeaders(@Nullable List<String> allowedHeaders) {
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- this.allowedHeaders = (allowedHeaders != null ? new ArrayList<>(allowedHeaders) : null);
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+ this.allowedHeaders = (allowedHeaders != null ? new ArrayList<>(new LinkedHashSet<>(allowedHeaders)) : null);
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}
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@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ public class CorsConfiguration {
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*/
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public void addAllowedHeader(String allowedHeader) {
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if (this.allowedHeaders == null) {
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- this.allowedHeaders = new ArrayList<>(4);
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+ this.allowedHeaders = new ArrayList<>(4); // kept as ArrayList for ordered getter
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}
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else if (this.allowedHeaders == DEFAULT_PERMIT_ALL) {
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setAllowedHeaders(DEFAULT_PERMIT_ALL);
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@@ -724,8 +725,14 @@ public class CorsConfiguration {
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}
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boolean allowAnyHeader = this.allowedHeaders.contains(ALL);
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+ // Build a case-insensitive lookup set for O(1) per-header check
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+ // instead of O(A) linear scan through the allowedHeaders list.
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+ Set<String> allowedSet = null;
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+ if (!allowAnyHeader) {
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+ allowedSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(this.allowedHeaders.size() * 2);
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+ for (String h : this.allowedHeaders) {
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+ allowedSet.add(h.toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ROOT));
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+ }
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+ }
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int maxResultSize = (allowAnyHeader ? requestHeaders.size() :
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Math.min(requestHeaders.size(), this.allowedHeaders.size()));
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List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(maxResultSize);
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@@ -735,12 +742,9 @@ public class CorsConfiguration {
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if (allowAnyHeader) {
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result.add(requestHeader);
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}
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else {
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- for (String allowedHeader : this.allowedHeaders) {
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- if (requestHeader.equalsIgnoreCase(allowedHeader)) {
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- result.add(requestHeader);
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- break;
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- }
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- }
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+ if (allowedSet.contains(requestHeader.toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ROOT))) {
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+ result.add(requestHeader);
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+ }
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}
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}
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}
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# UNDF: UNDF-2026-000000735
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--- a/spring-webmvc/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/i18n/AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver.java
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+++ b/spring-webmvc/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/i18n/AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver.java
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@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.Enumeration;
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import java.util.List;
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import java.util.Locale;
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+import java.util.Set;
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import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
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import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
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@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@ public class AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver extends AbstractLocaleResolver {
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- private final List<Locale> supportedLocales = new ArrayList<>(4);
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+ // FIX: Use LinkedHashSet to allow O(1) contains() during per-request matching.
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+ // Iteration order is preserved for the language-only fallback scan.
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+ private final List<Locale> supportedLocales = new ArrayList<>(4);
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+ private @Nullable Set<Locale> supportedLocaleSet = null; // built lazily
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public void setSupportedLocales(List<Locale> locales) {
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this.supportedLocales.clear();
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this.supportedLocales.addAll(locales);
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+ this.supportedLocaleSet = new java.util.LinkedHashSet<>(locales);
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}
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@@ -103,13 +104,16 @@ public class AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver extends AbstractLocaleResolver {
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private @Nullable Locale findSupportedLocale(HttpServletRequest request, List<Locale> supportedLocales) {
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Enumeration<Locale> requestLocales = request.getLocales();
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Locale languageMatch = null;
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+ // FIX: O(1) full-match check via set instead of O(S) list scan per request locale.
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+ Set<Locale> supportedSet = (this.supportedLocaleSet != null)
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+ ? this.supportedLocaleSet
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+ : new java.util.LinkedHashSet<>(supportedLocales);
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while (requestLocales.hasMoreElements()) {
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Locale locale = requestLocales.nextElement();
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- if (supportedLocales.contains(locale)) {
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+ if (supportedSet.contains(locale)) {
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if (languageMatch == null || languageMatch.getLanguage().equals(locale.getLanguage())) {
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// Full match: language + country, possibly narrowed from earlier language-only match
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return locale;
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}
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}
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else if (languageMatch == null) {
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// Let's try to find a language-only match as a fallback
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for (Locale supportedLocale : supportedLocales) {
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--- a/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/server/i18n/AcceptHeaderLocaleContextResolver.java
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+++ b/spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/server/i18n/AcceptHeaderLocaleContextResolver.java
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@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.List;
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import java.util.Locale;
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+import java.util.Set;
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import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
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@@ -50,7 +51,9 @@ public class AcceptHeaderLocaleContextResolver implements LocaleContextResolver {
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- private final List<Locale> supportedLocales = new ArrayList<>(4);
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+ private final List<Locale> supportedLocales = new ArrayList<>(4);
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+ // FIX: Set for O(1) full-locale contains() check per reactive request.
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+ private @Nullable Set<Locale> supportedLocaleSet = null;
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public void setSupportedLocales(List<Locale> locales) {
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this.supportedLocales.clear();
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this.supportedLocales.addAll(locales);
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+ this.supportedLocaleSet = new java.util.LinkedHashSet<>(locales);
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}
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@@ -114,10 +118,14 @@ public class AcceptHeaderLocaleContextResolver implements LocaleContextResolver {
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private @Nullable Locale resolveSupportedLocale(@Nullable List<Locale> requestLocales) {
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if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(requestLocales)) {
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return getDefaultLocale(); // may be null
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}
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List<Locale> supportedLocales = getSupportedLocales();
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if (supportedLocales.isEmpty()) {
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return requestLocales.get(0); // never null
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}
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Locale languageMatch = null;
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+ // FIX: O(1) full-match check via set instead of O(S) list scan.
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+ Set<Locale> supportedSet = (this.supportedLocaleSet != null)
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+ ? this.supportedLocaleSet
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+ : new java.util.LinkedHashSet<>(supportedLocales);
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for (Locale locale : requestLocales) {
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- if (supportedLocales.contains(locale)) {
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+ if (supportedSet.contains(locale)) {
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if (languageMatch == null || languageMatch.getLanguage().equals(locale.getLanguage())) {
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// Full match: language + country, possibly narrowed from earlier language-only match
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return locale;
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# UNDF: UNDF-2026-000000736
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--- a/spring-webmvc/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/resource/EncodedResourceResolver.java
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+++ b/spring-webmvc/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/servlet/resource/EncodedResourceResolver.java
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@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
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import java.util.Collections;
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import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
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import java.util.List;
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+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
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import java.util.Map;
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import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
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@@ -66,7 +67,8 @@ public class EncodedResourceResolver extends AbstractResourceResolver {
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- private final List<String> contentCodings = new ArrayList<>(DEFAULT_CODINGS);
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+ // FIX: Use LinkedHashSet so that contentCodings.contains() is O(1) per
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+ // accepted-encoding token on every static-resource request, not O(C).
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+ private final LinkedHashSet<String> contentCodings = new LinkedHashSet<>(DEFAULT_CODINGS);
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public void setContentCodings(List<String> codings) {
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this.contentCodings.clear();
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this.contentCodings.addAll(codings);
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}
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public List<String> getContentCodings() {
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- return Collections.unmodifiableList(this.contentCodings);
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+ return Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(this.contentCodings));
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}
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--- a/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/resource/EncodedResourceResolver.java
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+++ b/spring-webflux/src/main/java/org/springframework/web/reactive/resource/EncodedResourceResolver.java
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@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
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import java.util.Collections;
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import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
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import java.util.List;
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+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
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import java.util.Map;
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@@ -67,7 +68,8 @@ public class EncodedResourceResolver extends AbstractResourceResolver {
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- private final List<String> contentCodings = new ArrayList<>(DEFAULT_CODINGS);
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+ // FIX: LinkedHashSet for O(1) contains() on per-request accept-encoding scan.
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+ private final LinkedHashSet<String> contentCodings = new LinkedHashSet<>(DEFAULT_CODINGS);
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public void setContentCodings(List<String> codings) {
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this.contentCodings.clear();
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this.contentCodings.addAll(codings);
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}
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public List<String> getContentCodings() {
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- return Collections.unmodifiableList(this.contentCodings);
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+ return Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(this.contentCodings));
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}
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