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undefect. CWE-407 — 63 sites patched across 27 ecosystems

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Authors: russell@unturf.com · brackishbert@gmail.com · foxhop.net · TimeHexOn.com

Patches, unit tests, benchmarks, whitepaper, and outreach briefs.
Public domain — no copyright claimed. Use freely.
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russell@unturf.com 2026-03-26 17:11:57 -04:00
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test/langtools/tools/javac/ForwardReference/UseBeforeDeclaration.java Normal file
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/*
* Copyright (c) 2002, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
/*
* @test
* @bug 4459133
* @summary Forward reference legal or illegal?
* @author gafter
*
* @compile UseBeforeDeclaration.java
*/
class UseBeforeDeclaration {
static {
x = 100; // ok - assignment
// int y = ((x)) + 1; // error - read before declaration
int v = ((x)) = 3; // ok - x at left hand side of assignment
int z = UseBeforeDeclaration.x * 2; // ok - not accessed via simple name
Object o = new Object(){
void foo(){x++;} // ok - occurs in a different class
{x++;} // ok - occurs in a different class
};
}
{
j = 200; // ok - assignment
// j = j + 1; // error - right hand side reads before declaration
// int k = j = j + 1; // error - right hand side reads before declaration
int n = j = 300; // ok - j at left hand side of assignment
// int h = j++; // error - read before declaration
int l = this.j * 3; // ok - not accessed via simple name
Object o = new Object(){
void foo(){j++;} // ok - occurs in a different class
{ j = j + 1;} // ok - occurs in a different class
};
}
int w = x= 3; // ok - x at left hand side of assignment
int p = x; // ok - instance initializers may access static fields
static int u = (new Object(){int bar(){return x;}}).bar(); // ok - occurs in a different class
static int x;
int m = j = 4; // ok - j at left hand side of assignment
int o = (new Object(){int bar(){return j;}}).bar(); // ok - occurs in a different class
int j;
}