undefect. CWE-407 — 63 sites patched across 27 ecosystems

Authors: russell@unturf.com · brackishbert@gmail.com · foxhop.net · TimeHexOn.com

Patches, unit tests, benchmarks, whitepaper, and outreach briefs.
Public domain — no copyright claimed. Use freely.
This commit is contained in:
russell@unturf.com 2026-03-26 17:11:57 -04:00
commit 0a580b313d
70422 changed files with 17213626 additions and 0 deletions

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
/*
* @test
* @summary Stack trace should have module information
* @run testng ModuleFrames
*/
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import static org.testng.Assert.*;
public class ModuleFrames {
@Test
public void testModuleName() {
try {
Integer.parseInt("a");
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
StackTraceElement[] stack = e.getStackTrace();
StackTraceElement topFrame = stack[0];
StackTraceElement thisFrame = findFrame(this.getClass().getName(), stack);
assertEquals(topFrame.getModuleName(), "java.base",
"Expected top frame to be in module java.base");
assertTrue(topFrame.toString().startsWith("java.base"),
"Expected toString of top frame to omit loader name, start with module name: java.base");
assertTrue(!topFrame.toString().contains("@"),
"Expected toString of top frame not to include module version ('@')");
Path home = Paths.get(System.getProperty("java.home"));
boolean isImage = Files.exists(home.resolve("lib").resolve("modules"));
if (isImage) {
assertTrue(!topFrame.getModuleVersion().isEmpty(),
"Expected non-empty STE.getModuleVersion() for top frame");
}
assertNull(thisFrame.getModuleName(),
"Expected frame for test not to have a module name");
assertTrue(thisFrame.toString().startsWith(this.getClass().getName()),
"Expected toString to start with class name (no loader or module name");
ClassLoader testCL = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
if (ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getClass().isInstance(testCL)) {
assertEquals(thisFrame.getClassLoaderName(), "app",
"Expect STE to have loader name of \"app\"");
}
}
}
private static StackTraceElement findFrame(String cn, StackTraceElement[] stack) {
return Arrays.stream(stack)
.filter(s -> s.getClassName().equals(cn))
.findFirst()
.get();
}
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2003, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
/*
* @test
* @bug 4712607 6479237
* @summary Basic test for StackTraceElementPublic constructor
* @author Josh Bloch
*/
import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor;
public class PublicConstructor {
public static void main(String... args) {
testConstructor();
testConstructorWithModule();
}
static void testConstructor() {
StackTraceElement ste = new StackTraceElement("com.acme.Widget",
"frobnicate",
"Widget.java", 42);
if (!(ste.getClassName().equals("com.acme.Widget") &&
ste.getFileName().equals("Widget.java") &&
ste.getMethodName().equals("frobnicate") &&
ste.getLineNumber() == 42))
throw new RuntimeException("1");
if (ste.isNativeMethod())
throw new RuntimeException("2");
assertEquals(ste.toString(),
"com.acme.Widget.frobnicate(Widget.java:42)");
StackTraceElement ste1 = new StackTraceElement("com.acme.Widget",
"frobnicate",
"Widget.java",
-2);
if (!ste1.isNativeMethod())
throw new RuntimeException("3");
assertEquals(ste1.toString(),
"com.acme.Widget.frobnicate(Native Method)");
}
static void testConstructorWithModule() {
StackTraceElement ste = new StackTraceElement("app",
"jdk.module",
"9.0",
"com.acme.Widget",
"frobnicate",
"Widget.java",
42);
if (!(ste.getClassName().equals("com.acme.Widget") &&
ste.getModuleName().equals("jdk.module") &&
ste.getModuleVersion().equals("9.0") &&
ste.getClassLoaderName().equals("app") &&
ste.getFileName().equals("Widget.java") &&
ste.getMethodName().equals("frobnicate") &&
ste.getLineNumber() == 42))
throw new RuntimeException("3");
if (ste.isNativeMethod())
throw new RuntimeException("4");
assertEquals(ste.toString(),
"app/jdk.module@9.0/com.acme.Widget.frobnicate(Widget.java:42)");
}
static void assertEquals(String s, String expected) {
if (!s.equals(expected)) {
throw new RuntimeException("Expected: " + expected + " but found: " + s);
}
}
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2016, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
/*
* @test
* @bug 6479237 8291641
* @summary Test the format of StackTraceElement::toString and its serial form
* @modules java.logging
*
* @run main SerialTest
*/
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class SerialTest {
private static final Path SER_DIR = Paths.get("sers");
private static final String JAVA_BASE = "java.base";
private static final String JAVA_LOGGING = "java.logging";
private static boolean isImage;
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
Files.createDirectories(SER_DIR);
// detect if exploded image build
Path home = Paths.get(System.getProperty("java.home"));
isImage = Files.exists(home.resolve("lib").resolve("modules"));
// test stack trace from built-in loaders
try {
Logger.getLogger(null);
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
Arrays.stream(e.getStackTrace())
.filter(ste -> ste.getClassName().startsWith("java.util.logging.") ||
ste.getClassName().equals("SerialTest"))
.forEach(SerialTest::test);
}
// test stack trace with class loader name from other class loader
Loader loader = new Loader("myloader");
Class<?> cls = Class.forName("SerialTest", true, loader);
Method method = cls.getMethod("throwException");
StackTraceElement ste = (StackTraceElement)method.invoke(null);
test(ste, loader);
// verify the class loader name and in the stack trace
if (!cls.getClassLoader().getName().equals("myloader.hacked")) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected loader name: " +
cls.getClassLoader().getName());
}
if (!ste.getClassLoaderName().equals("myloader")) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected loader name: " +
ste.getClassLoaderName());
}
}
private static void test(StackTraceElement ste) {
test(ste, null);
}
private static void test(StackTraceElement ste, ClassLoader loader) {
try {
SerialTest serialTest = new SerialTest(ste);
StackTraceElement ste2 = serialTest.serialize().deserialize();
System.out.println(ste2);
// verify StackTraceElement::toString returns the same string
if (!ste.equals(ste2) || !ste.toString().equals(ste2.toString())) {
throw new RuntimeException(ste + " != " + ste2);
}
String mn = ste.getModuleName();
if (mn != null) {
switch (mn) {
case JAVA_BASE:
case JAVA_LOGGING:
checkNamedModule(ste, loader, false);
break;
default: // ignore
}
} else {
checkUnnamedModule(ste, loader);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
}
}
private static void checkUnnamedModule(StackTraceElement ste, ClassLoader loader) {
String mn = ste.getModuleName();
String s = ste.toString();
int i = s.indexOf('/');
if (mn != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("expected null but got " + mn);
}
if (loader != null) {
// Expect <loader>//<classname>.<method>(<src>:<ln>)
if (i <= 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("loader name missing: " + s);
}
if (!getLoaderName(loader).equals(s.substring(0, i))) {
throw new RuntimeException("unexpected loader name: " + s);
}
int j = s.substring(i+1).indexOf('/');
if (j != 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("unexpected element for unnamed module: " + s);
}
}
}
/*
* Loader::getName is overridden to return some other name
*/
private static String getLoaderName(ClassLoader loader) {
if (loader == null)
return "";
if (loader instanceof Loader) {
return ((Loader) loader).name;
} else {
return loader.getName();
}
}
private static void checkNamedModule(StackTraceElement ste,
ClassLoader loader,
boolean showVersion) {
String loaderName = getLoaderName(loader);
String mn = ste.getModuleName();
String s = ste.toString();
int i = s.indexOf('/');
if (mn == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("expected module name: " + s);
}
if (i <= 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("module name missing: " + s);
}
// Expect <module>/<classname>.<method>(<src>:<ln>)
if (!loaderName.isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(loaderName);
}
// <module>: name@version
int j = s.indexOf('@');
if ((showVersion && j <= 0) || (!showVersion && j >= 0)) {
throw new RuntimeException("unexpected version: " + s);
}
String name = j < 0 ? s.substring(0, i) : s.substring(0, j);
if (!name.equals(mn)) {
throw new RuntimeException("unexpected module name: " + s);
}
}
private final Path ser;
private final StackTraceElement ste;
SerialTest(StackTraceElement ste) throws IOException {
this.ser = Files.createTempFile(SER_DIR, "SerialTest", ".ser");
this.ste = ste;
}
private StackTraceElement deserialize() throws IOException {
try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(ser);
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(in);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis)) {
return (StackTraceElement)ois.readObject();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private SerialTest serialize() throws IOException {
try (OutputStream out = Files.newOutputStream(ser);
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(out);
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos)) {
oos.writeObject(ste);
}
return this;
}
public static StackTraceElement throwException() {
try {
Integer.parseInt(null);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
return Arrays.stream(e.getStackTrace())
.filter(ste -> ste.getMethodName().equals("throwException"))
.findFirst().get();
}
return null;
}
public static class Loader extends URLClassLoader {
final String name;
Loader(String name) throws MalformedURLException {
super(name, new URL[] { testClassesURL() } , null);
this.name = name;
}
private static URL testClassesURL() throws MalformedURLException {
Path path = Paths.get(System.getProperty("test.classes"));
return path.toUri().toURL();
}
public String getName() {
return name + ".hacked";
}
}
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2016, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
/*
* @test
* @bug 6479237
* @summary Basic test StackTraceElement with class loader names
* @library lib /lib/testlibrary /test/lib
* @modules jdk.compiler
* @build jdk.test.lib.compiler.CompilerUtils
* m1/* WithClassLoaderName
* @run main/othervm m1/com.app.Main
* @run main/othervm WithClassLoaderName
*/
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import jdk.test.lib.compiler.CompilerUtils;
import com.app.Utils;
public class WithClassLoaderName {
private static final String TEST_SRC = System.getProperty("test.src");
private static final String SRC_FILENAME = "WithClassLoaderName.java";
private static final Path SRC_DIR = Paths.get(TEST_SRC, "src");
private static final Path CLASSES_DIR = Paths.get("classes");
private static final String THROW_EXCEPTION_CLASS = "p.ThrowException";
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
/*
* Test the following frames both have the same class loader name "app"
* com.app.Test::test
* WithClassLoaderName::test
*/
Utils.verify(WithClassLoaderName.class, "app", "main", SRC_FILENAME);
/*
* Test StackTraceElement for a class loaded by a named URLClassLoader
*/
compile();
testURLClassLoader("myloader");
// loader name same as application class loader
testURLClassLoader("app");
}
private static void compile() throws Exception {
boolean rc = CompilerUtils.compile(SRC_DIR, CLASSES_DIR);
if (!rc) {
throw new RuntimeException("compilation fails");
}
}
public static void testURLClassLoader(String loaderName) throws Exception {
System.err.println("---- test URLClassLoader name: " + loaderName);
URL[] urls = new URL[] { CLASSES_DIR.toUri().toURL() };
ClassLoader parent = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
URLClassLoader loader = new URLClassLoader(loaderName, urls, parent);
Class<?> c = Class.forName(THROW_EXCEPTION_CLASS, true, loader);
Method method = c.getMethod("throwError");
try {
// invoke p.ThrowException::throwError
method.invoke(null);
} catch (InvocationTargetException x) {
Throwable e = x.getCause();
e.printStackTrace();
StackTraceElement[] stes = e.getStackTrace();
StackWalker.StackFrame[] frames = new StackWalker.StackFrame[] {
Utils.makeStackFrame(c, "throwError", "ThrowException.java"),
Utils.makeStackFrame(WithClassLoaderName.class, "testURLClassLoader",
SRC_FILENAME),
Utils.makeStackFrame(WithClassLoaderName.class, "main", SRC_FILENAME),
};
// p.ThrowException.throwError
Utils.checkFrame(loaderName, frames[0], stes[0]);
// skip reflection frames
int i = 1;
while (i < stes.length) {
String cn = stes[i].getClassName();
if (!cn.startsWith("java.lang.reflect.") &&
!cn.startsWith("jdk.internal.reflect."))
break;
i++;
}
// WithClassLoaderName.testURLClassLoader
Utils.checkFrame("app", frames[1], stes[i]);
// WithClassLoaderName.main
Utils.checkFrame("app", frames[2], stes[i+1]);
}
}
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package com.app;
import java.lang.StackWalker.StackFrame;
public class Main {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
StackFrame frame = Utils.makeStackFrame(Main.class, "main", "Main.java");
Utils.checkFrame("app", frame, caller());
}
private static StackTraceElement caller() {
StackTraceElement[] stes = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
return stes[2];
}
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package com.app;
import java.lang.StackWalker.StackFrame;
import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor;
import java.util.Objects;
public class Utils {
public static void verify(Class<?> caller, String loaderName,
String methodname, String filename) {
StackTraceElement[] stes = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
StackWalker.StackFrame[] frames = new StackFrame[] {
makeStackFrame(Utils.class, "verify", "Utils.java"),
makeStackFrame(caller, methodname, filename)
};
checkFrame("app", frames[0], stes[1]);
checkFrame(loaderName, frames[1], stes[2]);
}
public static StackFrame makeStackFrame(Class<?> c, String methodname, String filename) {
return new StackFrame() {
@Override
public String getClassName() {
return c.getName();
}
@Override
public String getMethodName() {
return methodname;
}
@Override
public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() {
return c;
}
@Override
public int getByteCodeIndex() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public String getFileName() {
return filename;
}
@Override
public int getLineNumber() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean isNativeMethod() {
return false;
}
@Override
public StackTraceElement toStackTraceElement() {
return null;
}
private String getClassLoaderName(Class<?> c) {
ClassLoader loader = c.getClassLoader();
String name = "";
if (loader == null) {
name = "boot";
} else if (loader.getName() != null) {
name = loader.getName();
}
return name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
String mid = getClassLoaderName(c);
Module module = c.getModule();
if (module.isNamed()) {
ModuleDescriptor md = module.getDescriptor();
mid = md.name();
if (md.version().isPresent())
mid += "@" + md.version().get().toString();
mid += "/";
}
String fileName = getFileName();
int lineNumber = getLineNumber();
String sourceinfo = "Unknown Source";
if (isNativeMethod()) {
sourceinfo = "Native Method";
} else if (fileName != null && lineNumber >= 0) {
sourceinfo = fileName + ":" + lineNumber;
}
return String.format("%s/%s.%s(%s)", mid, getClassName(), getMethodName(),
sourceinfo);
}
};
}
public static void checkFrame(String loaderName, StackFrame frame,
StackTraceElement ste) {
System.err.println("checking " + ste.toString() + " expected: " + frame.toString());
Class<?> c = frame.getDeclaringClass();
Module module = c.getModule();
assertEquals(ste.getModuleName(), module.getName(), "module name");
assertEquals(ste.getClassLoaderName(), loaderName, "class loader name");
assertEquals(ste.getClassLoaderName(), c.getClassLoader().getName(),
"class loader name");
assertEquals(ste.getClassName(), c.getName(), "class name");
assertEquals(ste.getMethodName(), frame.getMethodName(), "method name");
assertEquals(ste.getFileName(), frame.getFileName(), "file name");
}
private static void assertEquals(String actual, String expected, String msg) {
if (!Objects.equals(actual, expected))
throw new AssertionError("Actual: " + actual + " Excepted: " +
expected + " mismatched " + msg);
}
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
module m1 {
exports com.app;
}

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package p;
import java.lang.StackWalker.StackFrame;
public class ThrowException {
public static void throwError() {
throw new Error("testing");
}
}