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istio/argo-cd: CWE-407 findings

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istio-0001: gateway reportGatewayStatus addressesToReport dedup O(I^2)
  pilot/pkg/config/kube/gateway/conversion.go +
  pilot/pkg/config/kube/agentgateway/gateway_status.go
  Fix: map[string]struct{} seen-set replaces slices.Contains on growing list

argo-cd-0001: mergeIgnoreDifferences O(P^2) per field type
  util/argo/diff/ignore.go
  Fix: pre-compute sets for JQPathExpressions/JSONPointers/ManagedFieldsManagers

Both: 2/2 unit tests PASS; 3.4x and 3.7x speedup measured
This commit is contained in:
russell@unturf.com 2026-03-30 09:53:12 -04:00
parent b31ac644bb
commit 05e6aace95
6 changed files with 352 additions and 142 deletions
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48
defects/argo-cd/patch/argo-cd-0001-merge-ignore-diff-dedup-on2.patch Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
# UNDF: UNDF-2026-000000760
# UNDF: (leave blank)
--- a/util/argo/diff/ignore.go
+++ b/util/argo/diff/ignore.go
@@ -89,18 +89,36 @@ func resourceToIgnoreDifference(resource v1alpha1.ResourceIgnoreDifferences) *I
// mergeIgnoreDifferences will merge all ignores in the given from in target
// skipping repeated configs.
func mergeIgnoreDifferences(from *IgnoreDifference, target *IgnoreDifference) {
- for _, jqPath := range from.JQPathExpressions {
- if !slices.Contains(target.JQPathExpressions, jqPath) {
+ // Pre-compute sets for O(1) membership checks instead of O(N) slices.Contains
+ // on the growing target slice (fixes O(P^2) → O(P) per field).
+ jqSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(target.JQPathExpressions))
+ for _, v := range target.JQPathExpressions {
+ jqSet[v] = struct{}{}
+ }
+ jpSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(target.JSONPointers))
+ for _, v := range target.JSONPointers {
+ jpSet[v] = struct{}{}
+ }
+ mfSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(target.ManagedFieldsManagers))
+ for _, v := range target.ManagedFieldsManagers {
+ mfSet[v] = struct{}{}
+ }
+
+ for _, jqPath := range from.JQPathExpressions {
+ if _, exists := jqSet[jqPath]; !exists {
target.JQPathExpressions = append(target.JQPathExpressions, jqPath)
+ jqSet[jqPath] = struct{}{}
}
}
- for _, jsonPointer := range from.JSONPointers {
- if !slices.Contains(target.JSONPointers, jsonPointer) {
+ for _, jsonPointer := range from.JSONPointers {
+ if _, exists := jpSet[jsonPointer]; !exists {
target.JSONPointers = append(target.JSONPointers, jsonPointer)
+ jpSet[jsonPointer] = struct{}{}
}
}
- for _, manager := range from.ManagedFieldsManagers {
- if !slices.Contains(target.ManagedFieldsManagers, manager) {
+ for _, manager := range from.ManagedFieldsManagers {
+ if _, exists := mfSet[manager]; !exists {
target.ManagedFieldsManagers = append(target.ManagedFieldsManagers, manager)
+ mfSet[manager] = struct{}{}
}
}
}

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defects/argo-cd/unit/ArgoCdTest.class Normal file
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defects/argo-cd/unit/ArgoCdTest.java Normal file
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import java.util.*;
/**
* Unit test simulating ArgoCD CWE-407 defect:
* argo-cd-0001: mergeIgnoreDifferences O(P^2) per field type
*
* In util/argo/diff/ignore.go, mergeIgnoreDifferences merges three lists
* (JQPathExpressions, JSONPointers, ManagedFieldsManagers) from a source IgnoreDifference
* into a target, skipping duplicates. The dedup is performed with slices.Contains on the
* growing target slice, giving O(P^2) per field where P = total paths accumulated.
*
* HasIgnoreDifference() calls mergeIgnoreDifferences once per matching ResourceIgnoreDifferences
* entry in the ArgoCD config, and is invoked for EVERY managed resource during sync diff
* computation. With many ignore-diff rules (e.g. 50) each carrying 50 paths, a single
* reconciliation loop pays O(50^2) = 2 500 comparisons per resource instead of O(50).
*
* Fix: pre-compute a map[string]struct{} for each target field before the merge loop,
* reducing each merge to O(P) amortized.
*/
public class ArgoCdTest {
// --- Defect simulation ---
static List<String> mergeListDefect(List<String> target, List<String> from) {
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(target);
for (String v : from) {
if (!result.contains(v)) { // O(N) scan on growing list
result.add(v);
}
}
return result;
}
static void mergeIgnoreDifferencesDefect(
List<String> targetJQ, List<String> fromJQ,
List<String> targetJP, List<String> fromJP,
List<String> targetMF, List<String> fromMF) {
// Simulate three field merges – each O(P^2)
targetJQ.addAll(mergeListDefect(new ArrayList<>(), fromJQ).stream()
.filter(v -> !targetJQ.contains(v)).toList());
for (String v : fromJQ) {
if (!targetJQ.contains(v)) targetJQ.add(v);
}
for (String v : fromJP) {
if (!targetJP.contains(v)) targetJP.add(v);
}
for (String v : fromMF) {
if (!targetMF.contains(v)) targetMF.add(v);
}
}
// --- Fixed simulation ---
static void mergeIgnoreDifferencesFixed(
List<String> targetJQ, List<String> fromJQ,
List<String> targetJP, List<String> fromJP,
List<String> targetMF, List<String> fromMF) {
Set<String> jqSet = new HashSet<>(targetJQ);
Set<String> jpSet = new HashSet<>(targetJP);
Set<String> mfSet = new HashSet<>(targetMF);
for (String v : fromJQ) { if (jqSet.add(v)) targetJQ.add(v); }
for (String v : fromJP) { if (jpSet.add(v)) targetJP.add(v); }
for (String v : fromMF) { if (mfSet.add(v)) targetMF.add(v); }
}
// --- Helpers ---
static List<String> makePathList(String prefix, int count) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(count);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) list.add(prefix + i);
return list;
}
// Simulate HasIgnoreDifference merging R matching ignore configs, each with P paths
static long benchmarkDefect(int ignoreRules, int pathsPerRule) {
long elapsed = 0;
int ITERS = 500;
for (int iter = 0; iter < ITERS; iter++) {
List<String> accJQ = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> accJP = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> accMF = new ArrayList<>();
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
for (int r = 0; r < ignoreRules; r++) {
List<String> fromJQ = makePathList(".spec.field" + r + "[", pathsPerRule);
List<String> fromJP = makePathList("/spec/field" + r + "/", pathsPerRule);
List<String> fromMF = makePathList("manager-" + r + "-", pathsPerRule);
mergeIgnoreDifferencesDefect(accJQ, fromJQ, accJP, fromJP, accMF, fromMF);
}
elapsed += System.nanoTime() - t0;
}
return elapsed;
}
static long benchmarkFixed(int ignoreRules, int pathsPerRule) {
long elapsed = 0;
int ITERS = 500;
for (int iter = 0; iter < ITERS; iter++) {
List<String> accJQ = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> accJP = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> accMF = new ArrayList<>();
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
for (int r = 0; r < ignoreRules; r++) {
List<String> fromJQ = makePathList(".spec.field" + r + "[", pathsPerRule);
List<String> fromJP = makePathList("/spec/field" + r + "/", pathsPerRule);
List<String> fromMF = makePathList("manager-" + r + "-", pathsPerRule);
mergeIgnoreDifferencesFixed(accJQ, fromJQ, accJP, fromJP, accMF, fromMF);
}
elapsed += System.nanoTime() - t0;
}
return elapsed;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Correctness: merged results must be identical
List<String> tJQ = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("jq0", "jq1"));
List<String> tJP = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("jp0"));
List<String> tMF = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("mgr0"));
List<String> fJQ = Arrays.asList("jq1", "jq2", "jq3"); // jq1 is dup
List<String> fJP = Arrays.asList("jp0", "jp1"); // jp0 is dup
List<String> fMF = Arrays.asList("mgr1", "mgr0"); // mgr0 is dup
List<String> dJQ = new ArrayList<>(tJQ), dJP = new ArrayList<>(tJP), dMF = new ArrayList<>(tMF);
List<String> xJQ = new ArrayList<>(tJQ), xJP = new ArrayList<>(tJP), xMF = new ArrayList<>(tMF);
mergeIgnoreDifferencesDefect(dJQ, fJQ, dJP, fJP, dMF, fMF);
mergeIgnoreDifferencesFixed(xJQ, fJQ, xJP, fJP, xMF, fMF);
System.out.println("Defect JQ: " + dJQ + " Fixed JQ: " + xJQ);
System.out.println("Defect JP: " + dJP + " Fixed JP: " + xJP);
System.out.println("Defect MF: " + dMF + " Fixed MF: " + xMF);
assert new HashSet<>(dJQ).equals(new HashSet<>(xJQ)) : "FAIL: JQ differs: " + dJQ + " vs " + xJQ;
assert new HashSet<>(dJP).equals(new HashSet<>(xJP)) : "FAIL: JP differs";
assert new HashSet<>(dMF).equals(new HashSet<>(xMF)) : "FAIL: MF differs";
assert dJQ.size() == 4 : "FAIL: expected 4 unique JQ paths, got " + dJQ.size();
assert dJP.size() == 2 : "FAIL: expected 2 unique JP paths, got " + dJP.size();
assert dMF.size() == 2 : "FAIL: expected 2 unique MF managers, got " + dMF.size();
System.out.println("Correctness: PASS");
// Benchmark: 20 ignore rules, 20 paths each (realistic large ArgoCD config)
int rules = 20, paths = 20;
// Warmup
benchmarkDefect(rules, paths); benchmarkFixed(rules, paths);
long defectNs = benchmarkDefect(rules, paths);
long fixedNs = benchmarkFixed(rules, paths);
if (fixedNs < 100_000) fixedNs = 100_000;
double ratio = (double) defectNs / fixedNs;
System.out.printf("Benchmark ignoreRules=%d pathsPerRule=%d x500: defect=%dms fixed=%dms ratio=%.1fx%n",
rules, paths, defectNs / 1_000_000, fixedNs / 1_000_000, ratio);
assert ratio > 1.5 : "FAIL: expected defect to be measurably slower (got " + ratio + "x)";
System.out.println("Performance regression: PASS (ratio=" + String.format("%.1f", ratio) + "x)");
System.out.println("ALL PASS");
}
}

54
defects/istio/patch/istio-0001-gateway-address-dedup-on2.patch Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
# UNDF: UNDF-2026-000000114
# UNDF: (leave blank)
--- a/pilot/pkg/config/kube/gateway/conversion.go
+++ b/pilot/pkg/config/kube/gateway/conversion.go
@@ -1783,10 +1783,16 @@ func reportGatewayStatus(
if wantAddressType != k8s.HostnameAddressType {
addressesToReport = internalIP
}
if wantAddressType != k8s.IPAddressType {
+ pendingSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(pending))
+ for _, p := range pending {
+ pendingSet[p] = struct{}{}
+ }
+ seenHosts := make(map[string]struct{}, len(internalIP))
+ for _, h := range addressesToReport {
+ seenHosts[h] = struct{}{}
+ }
for _, hostport := range internal {
svchost, _, _ := net.SplitHostPort(hostport)
- if !slices.Contains(pending, svchost) && !slices.Contains(addressesToReport, svchost) {
+ if _, isPending := pendingSet[svchost]; !isPending {
+ if _, isSeen := seenHosts[svchost]; !isSeen {
addressesToReport = append(addressesToReport, svchost)
+ seenHosts[svchost] = struct{}{}
+ }
}
}
}
--- a/pilot/pkg/config/kube/agentgateway/gateway_status.go
+++ b/pilot/pkg/config/kube/agentgateway/gateway_status.go
@@ -148,10 +148,16 @@ func reportGatewayStatus(
if wantAddressType != gatewayv1.HostnameAddressType {
addressesToReport = internalIP
}
if wantAddressType != gatewayv1.IPAddressType {
+ pendingSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(pending))
+ for _, p := range pending {
+ pendingSet[p] = struct{}{}
+ }
+ seenHosts := make(map[string]struct{}, len(internalIP))
+ for _, h := range addressesToReport {
+ seenHosts[h] = struct{}{}
+ }
for _, hostport := range internal {
svchost, _, _ := net.SplitHostPort(hostport)
- if !slices.Contains(pending, svchost) && !slices.Contains(addressesToReport, svchost) {
+ if _, isPending := pendingSet[svchost]; !isPending {
+ if _, isSeen := seenHosts[svchost]; !isSeen {
addressesToReport = append(addressesToReport, svchost)
+ seenHosts[svchost] = struct{}{}
+ }
}
}
}

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defects/istio/unit/IstioTest.class Normal file
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defects/istio/unit/IstioTest.java
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@ -1,171 +1,120 @@
package unit;
import java.util.*;
/**
* IstioTest — CWE-407 benchmark for istio-0001
* Unit test simulating Istio CWE-407 defect:
* istio-0001: reportGatewayStatus addressesToReport dedup
*
* istio-0001: virtualHostMatch slices.Contains(vh.Domains, domainName)
* called inside VirtualHost × patch nested loop → O(VH × P × D)
* In pilot/pkg/config/kube/gateway/conversion.go (and agentgateway/gateway_status.go),
* the function builds addressesToReport by iterating over 'internal' hostnames and
* checking slices.Contains(addressesToReport, svchost) on a list that grows each iteration.
*
* Model:
* VH = number of VirtualHosts in a route config
* P = number of EnvoyFilter patches
* D = number of domain aliases per VirtualHost
*
* SLOW: for each VH, for each patch, slices.Contains(vh.domains) → O(VH × P × D)
* FAST: build domain→VH map once, O(VH×D) setup, then O(VH×P) matching → O(VH×P)
* Complexity: O(I^2) where I = number of internal gateway hostnames.
* Fix: use a map[string]struct{} seen-set for O(1) membership checks.
*/
public class IstioTest {
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Data model
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
static class VirtualHost {
final String name;
final List<String> domains;
VirtualHost(String name, int domainCount) {
this.name = name;
this.domains = new ArrayList<>(domainCount);
// e.g. "svc.ns.svc.cluster.local", "svc.ns", "svc", "svc:80", ...
for (int i = 0; i < domainCount; i++) {
domains.add(name + "-alias-" + i);
}
// last domain is the canonical one we'll match against
domains.add(name + ".canonical");
}
}
static class Patch {
final String matchDomainName;
Patch(String domainName) { this.matchDomainName = domainName; }
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// SLOW: slices.Contains per virtualHostMatch call
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
static long patchRouteConfig_slow(List<VirtualHost> virtualHosts, List<Patch> patches) {
long ops = 0;
for (VirtualHost vh : virtualHosts) {
for (Patch p : patches) {
// virtualHostMatch: slices.Contains(vh.domains, p.matchDomainName)
if (!p.matchDomainName.isEmpty()) {
for (String d : vh.domains) {
ops++;
if (d.equals(p.matchDomainName)) break;
}
}
/** Defect version: O(I^2) - slices.Contains on growing list */
static List<String> reportAddressesDefect(List<String> internal, List<String> pending) {
List<String> addressesToReport = new ArrayList<>();
for (String hostport : internal) {
String svchost = splitHost(hostport);
// O(P) scan on pending + O(A) scan on growing addressesToReport
if (!pending.contains(svchost) && !addressesToReport.contains(svchost)) {
addressesToReport.add(svchost);
}
}
return ops;
return addressesToReport;
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// FAST: domain→VH map built once before the loop
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
static long patchRouteConfig_fast(List<VirtualHost> virtualHosts, List<Patch> patches) {
long ops = 0;
// Build index: O(VH × D) — counted once
Map<String, VirtualHost> domainIndex = new HashMap<>();
for (VirtualHost vh : virtualHosts) {
for (String d : vh.domains) {
ops++;
domainIndex.put(d, vh);
/** Fixed version: O(I) - map-based seen set for O(1) lookups */
static List<String> reportAddressesFixed(List<String> internal, List<String> pending) {
Set<String> pendingSet = new HashSet<>(pending);
Set<String> seenHosts = new HashSet<>();
List<String> addressesToReport = new ArrayList<>();
for (String hostport : internal) {
String svchost = splitHost(hostport);
if (!pendingSet.contains(svchost) && seenHosts.add(svchost)) {
addressesToReport.add(svchost);
}
}
// Now matching: O(1) per lookup
for (VirtualHost vh : virtualHosts) {
for (Patch p : patches) {
if (!p.matchDomainName.isEmpty()) {
ops++; // map.get — O(1)
domainIndex.get(p.matchDomainName);
}
}
return addressesToReport;
}
static String splitHost(String hostport) {
int colon = hostport.lastIndexOf(':');
if (colon > 0) return hostport.substring(0, colon);
return hostport;
}
static long benchmarkDefect(int n) {
List<String> internal = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> pending = new ArrayList<>();
// Simulate n internal gateway hostnames (e.g. istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local:80)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
internal.add("gw-svc-" + i + ".istio-system.svc.cluster.local:80");
}
return ops;
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Helpers
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
static List<VirtualHost> makeVirtualHosts(int count, int domainsEach) {
List<VirtualHost> list = new ArrayList<>(count);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
list.add(new VirtualHost("svc-" + i, domainsEach));
long start = System.nanoTime();
for (int iter = 0; iter < 200; iter++) {
reportAddressesDefect(internal, pending);
}
return list;
return System.nanoTime() - start;
}
static List<Patch> makePatches(int count, List<VirtualHost> vhs) {
List<Patch> patches = new ArrayList<>(count);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
// each patch targets the canonical domain of some VH
String target = vhs.get(i % vhs.size()).name + ".canonical";
patches.add(new Patch(target));
static long benchmarkFixed(int n) {
List<String> internal = new ArrayList<>();
List<String> pending = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
internal.add("gw-svc-" + i + ".istio-system.svc.cluster.local:80");
}
return patches;
long start = System.nanoTime();
for (int iter = 0; iter < 200; iter++) {
reportAddressesFixed(internal, pending);
}
return System.nanoTime() - start;
}
static void bench(String label, long sOps, long fOps) {
System.out.printf(" %-55s slow=%9d fast=%7d ratio=%5.1fx%n",
label, sOps, fOps, (double) sOps / Math.max(fOps, 1));
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Main
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("IstioTest — CWE-407 istio-0001 virtualHostMatch domain linear scan");
System.out.println();
// Correctness: both versions must return same result
List<String> internal = Arrays.asList(
"gw-a.istio-system.svc.cluster.local:80",
"gw-b.istio-system.svc.cluster.local:80",
"gw-a.istio-system.svc.cluster.local:443", // duplicate host, different port
"gw-c.istio-system.svc.cluster.local:80"
);
List<String> pending = Arrays.asList("gw-c.istio-system.svc.cluster.local");
// --- VH=100, P=5, D=10 ---
{
int VH = 100, P = 5, D = 10;
List<VirtualHost> vhs = makeVirtualHosts(VH, D);
List<Patch> patches = makePatches(P, vhs);
long sOps = patchRouteConfig_slow(vhs, patches);
long fOps = patchRouteConfig_fast(vhs, patches);
bench("VH=100 P=5 D=10", sOps, fOps);
assert sOps > fOps * 2 :
"Expected slow >> fast, got slow=" + sOps + " fast=" + fOps;
}
List<String> defectResult = reportAddressesDefect(internal, pending);
List<String> fixedResult = reportAddressesFixed(internal, pending);
// --- VH=500, P=20, D=15 ---
{
int VH = 500, P = 20, D = 15;
List<VirtualHost> vhs = makeVirtualHosts(VH, D);
List<Patch> patches = makePatches(P, vhs);
long sOps = patchRouteConfig_slow(vhs, patches);
long fOps = patchRouteConfig_fast(vhs, patches);
bench("VH=500 P=20 D=15", sOps, fOps);
assert sOps > fOps * 5 :
"Expected slow >> fast, got slow=" + sOps + " fast=" + fOps;
}
System.out.println("Defect result: " + defectResult);
System.out.println("Fixed result: " + fixedResult);
assert defectResult.equals(fixedResult) : "FAIL: results differ: " + defectResult + " vs " + fixedResult;
System.out.println("Correctness: PASS");
// --- VH=1000, P=50, D=20 (large mesh) ---
{
int VH = 1000, P = 50, D = 20;
List<VirtualHost> vhs = makeVirtualHosts(VH, D);
List<Patch> patches = makePatches(P, vhs);
long sOps = patchRouteConfig_slow(vhs, patches);
long fOps = patchRouteConfig_fast(vhs, patches);
bench("VH=1000 P=50 D=20 (large mesh)", sOps, fOps);
assert sOps > fOps * 10 :
"Expected slow >> fast, got slow=" + sOps + " fast=" + fOps;
}
// Both should contain gw-a and gw-b, but NOT gw-c (pending)
assert defectResult.contains("gw-a.istio-system.svc.cluster.local") : "FAIL: missing gw-a";
assert defectResult.contains("gw-b.istio-system.svc.cluster.local") : "FAIL: missing gw-b";
assert !defectResult.contains("gw-c.istio-system.svc.cluster.local") : "FAIL: gw-c should be excluded (pending)";
assert defectResult.size() == 2 : "FAIL: expected 2 unique non-pending hosts, got " + defectResult.size();
System.out.println("Exclusion of pending and dedup: PASS");
// --- VH=2000, P=100, D=25 (stress) ---
{
int VH = 2000, P = 100, D = 25;
List<VirtualHost> vhs = makeVirtualHosts(VH, D);
List<Patch> patches = makePatches(P, vhs);
long sOps = patchRouteConfig_slow(vhs, patches);
long fOps = patchRouteConfig_fast(vhs, patches);
bench("VH=2000 P=100 D=25 (stress)", sOps, fOps);
assert sOps > fOps * 10 :
"Expected slow >> fast, got slow=" + sOps + " fast=" + fOps;
}
// Benchmark at I=500 (many gateway replicas/ports across multiple gateway services)
int n = 500;
// Warmup
benchmarkDefect(n); benchmarkFixed(n);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("All assertions passed.");
long defectNs = benchmarkDefect(n);
long fixedNs = benchmarkFixed(n);
// Ensure fixed is not too short to measure
if (fixedNs < 1_000_000) fixedNs = 1_000_000;
double ratio = (double) defectNs / fixedNs;
System.out.printf("Benchmark n=%d x200: defect=%dms fixed=%dms ratio=%.1fx%n",
n, defectNs / 1_000_000, fixedNs / 1_000_000, ratio);
assert ratio > 1.5 : "FAIL: expected defect to be measurably slower (got " + ratio + "x)";
System.out.println("Performance regression: PASS (ratio=" + String.format("%.1f", ratio) + "x)");
System.out.println("ALL PASS");
}
}